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Muhammad Anwar Arshad

Bio: Muhammad Anwar Arshad is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Antivenom & Snake venom. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 28 citations.
Topics: Antivenom, Snake venom, Venom, Fagonia cretica

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The extract effectively eliminated and neutralised, in a dose-dependent manner, the haemorrhagic activity of snake venom and provides a scientific base for the use of F. cretica in traditional medicine for the treatment of snake bite.

30 citations


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There is a dire need to phytochemically and pharmacologically test the investigated taxa for the validation of traditional knowledge in the field of ethnomedicines.
Abstract: Plant-derived products have an imperative biological role against certain pathogenic organisms and were considered to be a major source of modern drugs. Rural people residing in developing countries are relying on traditional herbal medical system due to their strong believe and minimum access to allopathic medicines. Hence, ethnomedicinal knowledge is useful for the maintenance of community’s based approaches under this medical system. Present study was carried out in an unexplored remote tribal area of Pakistan to investigate and document the existing ethnomedicinal knowledge on local flora. Data was collected through semi-structured questionnaires from the community members and local herbalists. Use reports (URs) were counted for each species and analyzed through Linear Regression between the number of URs per family and number of plant species per family. A total of 64 medicinal plant species were recorded belonging to 60 genera and 41 families. Most frequently used plant families in ethnomedicines were Lamiaceae (8 species) and Asteraceae (7 species). Highest URs were recorded for Caralluma tuberculata N.E. Br. (49 URs) being followed by Thymus serphyllum L. (49 URs), Fagonia cretica L. (47 URs), Plantago lanceolata L. (45 URs), Periploca aphylla Decne. (44 URs), Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. (44 URs), and Sideroxylon mascatense (A.DC.) T.D.Penn. (44 URs). New ethnomedicinal uses were reported for Boerhaavia elongata Brandegee and Fumaria officinalis L. with confidential level of URs from the study area. Nineteen groups of health conditions were recorded during the course of study being treated with medicinal plants. Maximum number of 30 plant species was used to treat digestive problems. Most widely practiced mode of drugs’ preparation and administration was powder. Leaves (30% plants) were the most frequently used plant parts in the preparation of ethnomedicinal recipes. Current study is an important addition to the field of ethnomedicines. The study reports important medicinal plants from an area, which has not been investigated previously. Traditional knowledge is restricted to health practitioners and elder community members. This knowledge is at the verge of extinction because younger generation is not taking interest in its learning and preservation process. Hence, there is a dire need to phytochemically and pharmacologically test the investigated taxa for the validation of traditional knowledge.

84 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Specific therapeutic snakebite envenomation treatments are described and an increased number of literature reports on the ability of natural sources, particularly plants, to treat snakebites are covered, along with their mechanisms, drawbacks and future perspectives.
Abstract: Snakebite envenomation is a life-threatening disease that was recently re-included as a neglected tropical disease (NTD), affecting millions of people in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Improvement in the therapeutic approaches to envenomation is required to palliate the morbidity and mortality effects of this NTD. The specific therapeutic treatment for this NTD uses snake antivenom immunoglobulins. Unfortunately, access to these vital drugs is limited, principally due to their cost. Different ethnic groups in the affected regions have achieved notable success in treatment for centuries using natural sources, especially plants, to mitigate the effects of snake envenomation. The ethnopharmacological approach is essential to identify the potential metabolites or derivatives needed to treat this important NTD. Here, the authors describe specific therapeutic snakebite envenomation treatments and conduct a review on different strategies to identify the potential agents that can mitigate the effects of the venoms. The study also covers an increased number of literature reports on the ability of natural sources, particularly plants, to treat snakebites, along with their mechanisms, drawbacks and future perspectives.

44 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the adventitious root induction frequency (88%) and biomass accumulation (6.9 DW g/L) were observed when callus explants were treated with Methyl Jasmonate (Me-J) for 2.5h and subsequently incubated on solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) media containing 1.0´mg/L Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA).

44 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review demonstrates the importance of ethnomedicine medicines in the treatment of several diseases in Sudan, and further researches to validate the therapeutic uses and safety of these plants through phytochemical screening, different biological activity assays, and toxicological studies are still needed.
Abstract: Sudan folklore medicine is characterized by a unique combination of Islamic, Arabic, and African cultures. In poor communities, traditional medicine has remained as the most reasonable source of treatment of several diseases and microbial infections. Although the traditional medicine is accepted in Sudan, to date there is no updated review available, which focuses on most effective and frequently used Sudanese medicinal plants. Thus, this review aims to summarize the published information on the ethnobotanical uses of medicinal plants from Sudan, preparation methods, phytochemistry, and ethnopharmacology. The collected data demonstrate that Sudanese medicinal plants have been reported to possess a wide range of traditional medicinal uses including different microbial infections, gastrointestinal disorders, malaria, diabetes, rheumatic pain, respiratory system disorders, jaundice, urinary system inflammations, wounds, cancer, and different microbial infections. In most cases, the pharmacological studies were in agreement with traditional uses. Moreover, several bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, steroids, terpenes, tannins, fatty acids, and essential oils have been identified as active constituents. Although this review demonstrates the importance of ethnomedicine medicines in the treatment of several diseases in Sudan, further researches to validate the therapeutic uses and safety of these plants through phytochemical screening, different biological activity assays, and toxicological studies are still needed.

38 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Chemical and pharmacological studies are necessary to confirm the anti-venom claims about these medicinal plants of Pakistan to bring novelty in the field of natural products for the treatment of snake bite.
Abstract: Snake bite envenoming is a global occupational hazard and most of the people of the world trust in traditional medicine for snake poisoning. The present review elaborates scientifically un-investigated/ ignored medicinal plants of Pakistan showing chemical constituents of natural origin with possible mechanisms showing anti-venom activity. This review enlists 35 plants with their families, distribution in Pakistan, parts used traditionally for snake bite treatment and various active principles present in them. Compositae is the most excessive family, with 3 species, followed by Amaranthaceae, Apocynaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Caesalpinaceae, Labiatae, Pinaceae, Polygonaceae and Verbinaceae having 2 species of medicinal plants. While, one plant species belongs to each, Aizoaceae, Araceae, Boraginaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Flacourtiaceae, Gentianaceae, Malvaceae, Menispermaceae, Mimosaceae, Oxalidaceae, Papilionaceae, Plantaginaceae, Salvadoraceae and Solanaceae. As an antidote to snake poisoning, the traditional use of leaves (35%) is higher than roots (25%), whole plant (21%), flower (7%), wood (5%), fruit (5%) and milky juice (2%). Among life forms of plants, herbs (55%) are more excessively used as snake bite remedy than shrubs (31%) and trees (14%). This article may help the researchers to bring novelty in the field of natural products for the treatment of snake bite. However, chemical and pharmacological studies are necessary to confirm the anti-venom claims about these medicinal plants of Pakistan. Key words: Venom, anti-venom, herbal remedy, scientific characterization.

31 citations