Differently substituted flavanones were isolated from Leguminosae and their antibacterial activity was comparatively studied against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of phytochemical flavanones to clinical isolates of MRSA were determined by a serial agar dilution method. The structure-activity relationship has indicated that 2',4'- or 2',6'-dihydroxylation of the B ring and 5,7-dihydroxylation of the A ring in the flavanone structure are important for significant anti-MRSA activity and that substitution with a certain aliphatic group at the 6- or 8-position also enhances the activity. Among the thirteen flavanones tested, tetrahydroxyflavanones with these structural characteristics isolated from Sophora exigua and Echinosophora koreensis showed intensive activity to inhibit the growth of all MRSA strains at 3.13-6.25 micrograms/ml. The present hydroxyflavanones would be useful in the phytotherapeutic strategy against MRSA infections.

Comparative Study on the Antibacterial Activity of Phytochemical Flavanones against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

History of tuberculosis

Aging in COVID-19: Vulnerability, immunity and intervention.

Piper species are aromatic plants used as spices in the kitchen, but their secondary metabolites have also shown biological effects on human health. These plants are rich in essential oils, which can be found in their fruits, seeds, leaves, branches, roots and stems. Some Piper species have simple chemical profiles, while others, such as Piper nigrum, Piper betle, and Piper auritum, contain very diverse suites of secondary metabolites. In traditional medicine, Piper species have been used worldwide to treat several diseases such as urological problems, skin, liver and stomach ailments, for wound healing, and as antipyretic and anti-inflammatory agents. In addition, Piper species could be used as natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents in food preservation. The phytochemicals and essential oils of Piper species have shown strong antioxidant activity, in comparison with synthetic antioxidants, and demonstrated antibacterial and antifungal activities against human pathogens. Moreover, Piper species possess therapeutic and preventive potential against several chronic disorders. Among the functional properties of Piper plants/extracts/active components the antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and neuropharmacological activities of the extracts and extract-derived bioactive constituents are thought to be key effects for the protection against chronic conditions, based on preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies, besides clinical studies. Habitats and cultivation of Piper species are also covered in this review. In this current work, available literature of chemical constituents of the essential oils Piper plants, their use in traditional medicine, their applications as a food preservative, their antiparasitic activities and other important biological activities are reviewed.

Piper Species: A Comprehensive Review on Their Phytochemistry, Biological Activities and Applications.

Sea buckthorn berries: A potential source of valuable nutrients for nutraceuticals and cosmoceuticals

Data are presented for anaesthesia for Caesarean section (CS) in the South-west Thames region of the UK. The CS rate rose from 12.7% in 1987 to 24.2% in 2002. The rate of increase shows no sign of slowing. The rate of regional anaesthesia (RA) for elective CS rose from 69.4% in 1992 to 94.9% in 2002, when spinal anaesthesia was used for 86.6% of cases. This may limit the opportunities to teach other anaesthetic techniques. The rate of RA for emergency CS rose from 49.3% in 1992 to 86.7% in 2002. There is an unacceptable rate of failure of RA for both elective and emergency CS, 1.3% of RAs for elective CS and 4.9% of RAs for emergency CS were converted to general anaesthesia.

https://associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2003.03446.x

Anaesthesia for Caesarean section: a survey in a UK region from 1992 to 2002.

Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of leaves of Solidago microglossa containing polyphenolic compounds

COVID-19: Zoonotic aspects.

Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. turkestanica) is a very important medicinal plant in northern areas of Pakistan. The fruit of sea buckthorn is rich in nutrients and medicinal compounds such as vitamins, carotene, flavonoids, essential oil, carbohydrates, organic acids, amino acids, and minerals. In order to compare various populations of sea buckthorn for chemical composition, eight populations from different areas of northern Pakistan were compared using fruit characteristics. Phytochemical analysis of berries showed vitamin C (250–333 mg/100 g), seed oil (7.69–13.7%), oil in softer pulp (19.2–29.1%), phytosterol content of seed oil (3.3–5.5%), and anthocyanin (0.5–25 mg/L), while the mineral element composition analysis revealed high contents of potassium (140–360 ppm), sodium (20–80 ppm), calcium (70–98 ppm), magnesium (150–240 ppm), iron (40–150 ppm), and phosphorus (110–133 ppm). This study established sea buckthorn berries as a good source of biochemical and mineral elements. The high varia...

Elemental and Nutritional Analysis of Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. turkestanica) Berries of Pakistani Origin

Received: Revised: Accepted: January 11, 2010 February 04, 2010 February 08, 2010

Muhammad Hassan Khan

Papers

Anaesthesia for Caesarean section: a survey in a UK region from 1992 to 2002.

Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of leaves of Solidago microglossa containing polyphenolic compounds

COVID-19: Zoonotic aspects.

Elemental and Nutritional Analysis of Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. turkestanica) Berries of Pakistani Origin

Prevalence of tick infestation and theileriosis in sheep and goats.