Muhammad Kaleem Khosa

Bio: Muhammad Kaleem Khosa is an academic researcher from Government College University, Faisalabad. The author has contributed to research in topics: Partial molar property & Apparent molar property. The author has an hindex of 13, co-authored 64 publications receiving 534 citations. Previous affiliations of Muhammad Kaleem Khosa include Government College University & Quaid-i-Azam University.

Modulation of Marigold Based Lutein Dye and its Dyeing Behaviour Using UV Radiation

Abstract: Application of natural dyes has increased interest in the past few years due to the eco-friendly behavior of these dyes. The present research is concerned with the effect of UV on dyeing behavior of cotton using marigold as source of natural Lutein dye. This is colorant lutein which imparts greenish yellow color to cotton fabric. The dye powder and cotton fabric were exposed to UV-radiation for different time intervals prior to dyeing and dyeing was performed at different dyeing variables. International Standard Organization (ISO) methods were employed to evaluate the color fastness properties, such as color fastness to light, washing and rubbing. It is found that 90 min exposure of UV radiations was the optimum condition for surface modification and dyeing of 70 min at 40°C give excellent results using 4 g/L salt to achieve maximum exhaustion. For improvement of color fastness, tannic acid (8%) as pre- and 6% as post-mordant is the best condition. It is found that UV ray treatment can be used to ...

Degradation product distribution of Reactive Red-147 dye treated by UV/H2O2/TiO2 advanced oxidation process

Abstract: The presence of dyes in industrial effluents is of public health concern. A considerable attention was paid to remove the dyes from the aquatic environment. This study focusses on the degradation of reactive red (RR-147) dye under UV irradiation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nano photo catalyst (TiO2). Effect of different parameters like dye concentration, pH, H2O2, UV irradiation time and TiO2 was studied. The maximum degradation of 92% for 50 ppm dye concentration, pH 3.4, H2O2 0.9 mL, TiO2 0.6 g and UV irradiation time 60 min was observed. The UV/Vis spectrophotometer was used to investigate the change in absorbance after UV irradiation. The 57 % reduction in COD was achieved when the dye aqueous solution was exposed to UV/H2O2/TiO2 process under optimized conditions. The FTIR was used for the identification of degraded product after UV irradiation treatment. The FTIR study showed that most of the functional group peaks were disappeared after the UV/H2O2/TiO2 treatment. LCMS/GCMS analyses scrutinized the intermediates and a mechanistic degradation pathway has also been proposed. The cytotoxicity of the irradiated dye samples was assessed using hemolytic test while mutagenic evaluation was carried out using the Ames test before and after treatment. The UV/H2O2/TiO2 is proved to be more capable and efficient system for the degradation of the RR-147 dye as compared to UV/H2O2 alone.

Introduction to Spectroscopy

Abstract: Spectroscopy is the study of matter interacting with electromagnetic radiation (e.g., light). The electromagnetic spectrum in Figure 1 illustrates the many different types of electromagnetic radiation, including gamma rays (γ-rays), X-rays, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, visible light, infrared (IR) radiation, microwaves, and radio waves. The frequency (ν) and wavelength (λ) ranges associated with each form of radiant energy are also indicated in Figure 1.

Natural Colorants: Historical, Processing and Sustainable Prospects

Abstract: With the public’s mature demand in recent times pressurized the textile industry for use of natural colorants, without any harmful effects on environment and aquatic ecosystem, and with more developed functionalities simultaneously. Advanced developments for the natural bio-resources and their sustainable use for multifunctional clothing are gaining pace now. Present review highlights historical overview of natural colorants, classification and predominantly processing of colorants from sources, application on textiles surfaces with the functionalities provided by them. Chemistry of natural colorants on textiles also discussed with relevance to adsorption isotherms and kinetic models for dyeing of textiles.

Review of alginate-based hydrogel bioprinting for application in tissue engineering.

Abstract: The dawn of 3D printing in medicals has pinned the domain with hopes of vitality in many patients combating with multitude of diseases. Also entitled as Bio-printing, this is appertained to its sequential printing of precursor ink, embodying cells and polymer/composite, in predetermined trajectory. Precursor ink, in addition to cells, constitutes predominantly hydrogels ascribed to its biodegradability and mimic ability of body's anatomy and mechanical features, e.g. bones, etc. This review paper is devoted to explicate bio-printing (3D/4D) of alginate hydrogels, which are the extract from brown algae, through extrusion additive manufacturing. Alginates are salt derivative of alginic acid and constitute long chain of polysaccharides, which furnishes pliability and gelling adeptness to its structure. Alginate hydrogel (employed for extrusion) can be pristine or composite relying on the requisite properties (target application controlled or in-vivo environment) e.g. Alginate-natural (gelatin/agarose/collagen/hyaluronic acid/etc.) and Alginate-synthetic (polyethylene glycol (PEG)/pluronic F127/etc.). Extrusion additive manufacturing of Alginate is preponderate among others with its uncomplicated processing, material efficiency (cut down on wastage), and outspread adaptability for viscosities (0.03-6*104 Pa.s) but the procedure is limited by resolution(200 ?m) in addition to accuracy. However, 3D-fabricated bio-structures display rigidness (unvarying with conditions) that lacks smart response which is reassured by accounting time feature as noteworthy accessory to printing, interpreting as 4D Bio-printing. This review propounds specific processing itinerary for alginate (meanwhile traversing across its composites/blends with natural and synthetic consideration) in extrusion along with its pre-/during/post-processing parameters intrinsic to process. Furthermore, propensity is also presented in its (Alginate extrusion processing) application for tissue engineering, i.e. bones, cartilage (joints), brain (neural), ear, heart (cardiac), eyes (corneal), etc. due to worldwide quandary over accessibility to natural organs for diverse kinds of diseases. Additionally, the review contemplates recently invented advance printing i.e. 4D printing for biotic species with its challenges and future opportunities.

Highly dispersed CuO nanoparticles prepared by a novel quick-precipitation method

Abstract: Highly dispersed copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles with an average size of 6 nm have been successfully prepared by a novel quick-precipitation method. The as-prepared CuO nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–Visible absorption spectroscopy and BET nitrogen adsorption. The results show that the as-prepared CuO nanoparticles have high dispersion and narrow size distribution. The influence of reaction conditions on morphology of CuO nanocrystals was discussed. Spherical, ellipsoidal and needle-shaped CuO nanocrystals can be obtained simply by varying the reaction temperature and controlling the addition of NaOH.

Review on Methylene Blue: Its Properties, Uses, Toxicity and Photodegradation

Abstract: The unavailability of clean drinking water is one of the significant health issues in modern times. Industrial dyes are one of the dominant chemicals that make water unfit for drinking. Among these dyes, methylene blue (MB) is toxic, carcinogenic, and non-biodegradable and can cause a severe threat to human health and environmental safety. It is usually released in natural water sources, which becomes a health threat to human beings and living organisms. Hence, there is a need to develop an environmentally friendly, efficient technology for removing MB from wastewater. Photodegradation is an advanced oxidation process widely used for MB removal. It has the advantages of complete mineralization of dye into simple and nontoxic species with the potential to decrease the processing cost. This review provides a tutorial basis for the readers working in the dye degradation research area. We not only covered the basic principles of the process but also provided a wide range of previously published work on advanced photocatalytic systems (single-component and multi-component photocatalysts). Our study has focused on critical parameters that can affect the photodegradation rate of MB, such as photocatalyst type and loading, irradiation reaction time, pH of reaction media, initial concentration of dye, radical scavengers and oxidising agents. The photodegradation mechanism, reaction pathways, intermediate products, and final products of MB are also summarized. An overview of the future perspectives to utilize MB at an industrial scale is also provided. This paper identifies strategies for the development of effective MB photodegradation systems.