Muhammad Sharif

Bio: Muhammad Sharif is an academic researcher from COMSATS Institute of Information Technology. The author has contributed to research in topics: Feature extraction & Feature selection. The author has an hindex of 39, co-authored 164 publications receiving 4351 citations. Previous affiliations of Muhammad Sharif include University UCINF.

Detection and classification of citrus diseases in agriculture based on optimized weighted segmentation and feature selection

Abstract: In agriculture, plant diseases are primarily responsible for the reduction in production which causes economic losses. In plants, citrus is used as a major source of nutrients like vitamin C throughout the world. However, ‘Citrus’ diseases badly effect the production and quality of citrus fruits. From last decade, the computer vision and image processing techniques have been widely used for detection and classification of diseases in plants. In this article, we propose a hybrid method for detection and classification of diseases in citrus plants. The proposed method consists of two primary phases; (a) detection of lesion spot on the citrus fruits and leaves; (b) classification of citrus diseases. The citrus lesion spots are extracted by an optimized weighted segmentation method, which is performed on an enhanced input image. Then, color, texture, and geometric features are fused in a codebook. Furthermore, the best features are selected by implementing a hybrid feature selection method, which consists of PCA score, entropy, and skewness-based covariance vector. The selected features are fed to Multi-Class Support Vector Machine (M-SVM) for final citrus disease classification. The proposed technique is tested on Citrus Disease Image Gallery Dataset, Combined dataset (Plant Village and Citrus Images Database of Infested with Scale), and our own collected images database. We used these datasets for detection and classification of citrus diseases namely anthracnose, black spot, canker, scab, greening, and melanose. The proposed technique outperforms the existing methods and achieves 97% classification accuracy on citrus disease image gallery dataset, 89% on combined dataset and 90.4% on our local dataset.

An automated detection and classification of citrus plant diseases using image processing techniques: A review

Abstract: The citrus plants such as lemons, mandarins, oranges, tangerines, grapefruits, and limes are commonly grown fruits all over the world. The citrus producing companies create a large amount of waste every year whereby 50% of citrus peel is destroyed every year due to different plant diseases. This paper presents a survey on the different methods relevant to citrus plants leaves diseases detection and the classification. The article presents a detailed taxonomy of citrus leaf diseases. Initially, the challenges of each step are discussed in detail, which affects the detection and classification accuracy. In addition, a thorough literature review of automated disease detection and classification methods is presented. To this end, we study different image preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, features selection, and classification methods. In addition, also discuss the importance of features extraction and deep learning methods. The survey presents the detailed discussion on studies, outlines their strengths and limitations, and uncovers further research issues. The survey results reveal that the adoption of automated detection and classification methods for citrus plants diseases is still in its infancy. Hence new tools are needed to fully automate the detection and classification processes.

A distinctive approach in brain tumor detection and classification using MRI

Abstract: A very exigent task for radiologists is early brain tumor detection. Brain tumor raises very fast, its average size doubles in just twenty-five days. If not treated properly, the survival rate of the patient is normally not more than half a year. It can rapidly lead to death. For this reason, an automatic system is required for brain tumor detection at an early stage. In this paper, an automated method is proposed to easily differentiate between cancerous and non-cancerous Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain. Different techniques have been applied for the segmentation of candidate lesion. Then a features set is chosen for every applicant lesion using shape, texture, and intensity. At that point, Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is applied with different cross validations on the features set to compare the precision of proposed framework. The proposed method is validated on three benchmark datasets such as Harvard, RIDER and Local. The method achieved average 97.1% accuracy, 0.98 area under curve, 91.9% sensitivity and 98.0% specificity. It can be used to identify the tumor more accurately in less processing time as compared to existing methods.

Big data analysis for brain tumor detection: Deep convolutional neural networks

Abstract: Brain tumor detection is an active area of research in brain image processing. In this work, a methodology is proposed to segment and classify the brain tumor using magnetic resonance images (MRI). Deep Neural Networks (DNN) based architecture is employed for tumor segmentation. In the proposed model, 07 layers are used for classification that consist of 03 convolutional, 03 ReLU and a softmax layer. First the input MR image is divided into multiple patches and then the center pixel value of each patch is supplied to the DNN. DNN assign labels according to center pixels and perform segmentation. Extensive experiments are performed using eight large scale benchmark datasets including BRATS 2012 (image dataset and synthetic dataset), 2013 (image dataset and synthetic dataset), 2014, 2015 and ISLES (Ischemic stroke lesion segmentation) 2015 and 2017. The results are validated on accuracy (ACC), sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC), precision, false positive rate (FPR), true positive rate (TPR) and Jaccard similarity index (JSI) respectively.

Brain tumor detection using fusion of hand crafted and deep learning features

Abstract: The perilous disease in the worldwide now a days is brain tumor. Tumor affects the brain by damaging healthy tissues or intensifying intra cranial pressure. Hence, rapid growth in tumor cells may lead to death. Therefore, early brain tumor diagnosis is a more momentous task that can save patient from adverse effects. In the proposed work, the Grab cut method is applied for accurate segmentation of actual lesion symptoms while Transfer learning model visual geometry group (VGG-19) is fine-tuned to acquire the features which are then concatenated with hand crafted (shape and texture) features through serial based method. These features are optimized through entropy for accurate and fast classification and fused vector is supplied to classifiers. The presented model is tested on top medical image computing and computer-assisted intervention (MICCAI) challenge databases including multimodal brain tumor segmentation (BRATS) 2015, 2016, and 2017 respectively. The testing results with dice similarity coefficient (DSC) achieve 0.99 on BRATS 2015, 1.00 on BRATS 2015 and 0.99 on BRATS 2017 respectively.

Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning

Abstract: Probability Distributions.- Linear Models for Regression.- Linear Models for Classification.- Neural Networks.- Kernel Methods.- Sparse Kernel Machines.- Graphical Models.- Mixture Models and EM.- Approximate Inference.- Sampling Methods.- Continuous Latent Variables.- Sequential Data.- Combining Models.

Robot vision

Abstract: A scheme is developed for classifying the types of motion perceived by a humanlike robot. It is assumed that the robot receives visual images of the scene using a perspective system model. Equations, theorems, concepts, clues, etc., relating the objects, their positions, and their motion to their images on the focal plane are presented. >

The Central Nervous System

Abstract: Evolution of Nervous Control from Primitive Organisms to Man A Symposium organized by the Section on Medical Sciences of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and presented at the New York Meeting on December 29–30, 1956. Edited by Allan D. Bass. Pp. vii + 231. (Washington, D.C.: American Association for the Advancement of Science; London: Bailey Bros. and Swinfen, Ltd., 1959.) 52s.

Automatic Detection of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Using X-ray Images and Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

Abstract: The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), with a starting point in China, has spread rapidly among people living in other countries, and is approaching approximately 34,986,502 cases worldwide according to the statistics of European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. There are a limited number of COVID-19 test kits available in hospitals due to the increasing cases daily. Therefore, it is necessary to implement an automatic detection system as a quick alternative diagnosis option to prevent COVID-19 spreading among people. In this study, five pre-trained convolutional neural network based models (ResNet50, ResNet101, ResNet152, InceptionV3 and Inception-ResNetV2) have been proposed for the detection of coronavirus pneumonia infected patient using chest X-ray radiographs. We have implemented three different binary classifications with four classes (COVID-19, normal (healthy), viral pneumonia and bacterial pneumonia) by using 5-fold cross validation. Considering the performance results obtained, it has seen that the pre-trained ResNet50 model provides the highest classification performance (96.1% accuracy for Dataset-1, 99.5% accuracy for Dataset-2 and 99.7% accuracy for Dataset-3) among other four used models.

Flows in Networks

Abstract: In this chapter, you will see how the simplex method simplifies when it is applied to a class of optimization problems that are known as “network flow models.” You will also see that if a network flow model has “integer-valued data,” the simplex method finds an optimal solution that is integer-valued.