Author
Mukul R. Bhatia
Other affiliations: Australian National University
Bio: Mukul R. Bhatia is an academic researcher from BHP Billiton. The author has contributed to research in topics: Sedimentary rock & Provenance. The author has an hindex of 6, co-authored 7 publications receiving 3784 citations. Previous affiliations of Mukul R. Bhatia include Australian National University.
Papers
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TL;DR: In this article, a large variation in trace element characteristics of graywackes of the Paleozoic turbidite sequences of eastern Australia show a large increase in light rare earth elements (La, Ce, Nd), Th, Nb and the Ba/Sr, Rb, Sr, La/Y and Ni/Co ratios.
Abstract: The graywackes of Paleozoic turbidite sequences of eastern Australia show a large variation in their trace element characteristics, which reflect distinct provenance types and tectonic settings for various suites. The tectonic settings recognised are oceanic island arc, continental island arc, active continental margin, and passive margins. Immobile trace elements, e.g. La, Ce, Nd, Th, Zr, Nb, Y, Sc and Co are very useful in tectonic setting discrimination. In general, there is a systematic increase in light rare earth elements (La, Ce, Nd), Th, Nb and the Ba/Sr, Rb/Sr, La/Y and Ni/Co ratios and a decrease in V, Sc and the Ba/Rb, K/Th and K/U ratios in graywackes from oceanic island arc to continental island arc to active continental margin to passive margin settings. On the basis of graywacke geochemistry, the optimum discrimination of the tectonic settings of sedimentary basins is achieved by La-Th, La-Th-Sc, Ti/Zr-La/Sc, La/Y-Sc/Cr, Th-Sc-Zr/10 and Th-Co-Zr/10 plots. The analysed oceanic island arc graywackes are characterised by extremely low abundances of La, Th, U, Zr, Nb; low Th/U and high La/Sc, La/Th, Ti/Zr, Zr/Th ratios. The studied graywackes of the continental island arc type setting are characterised by increased abundances of La, Th, U, Zr and Nb, and can be identified by the La-Th-Sc and La/Sc versus Ti/Zr plots. Active continental margin and passive margin graywackes are discriminated by the Th-Sc-Zr/10 and Th-Co-Zr/10 plots and associated parameters (e.g. Th/Zr, Th/Sc). The most important characteristic of the analysed passive margin type graywackes is the increased abundance of Zr, high Zr/Th and lower Ba, Rb, Sr and Ti/Zr ratio compared to the active continental margin graywackes.
2,133 citations
TL;DR: Sandstones of the Paleozoic turbidite sequences of eastern Australia show a large variation in their major element geochemistry, reflecting the distinct sedimentary provenance and tectonic setting as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Sandstones of the Paleozoic turbidite sequences of eastern Australia show a large variation in their major element geochemistry, reflecting the distinct sedimentary provenance and tectonic setting ...
1,518 citations
TL;DR: In the Paleozoic graywackes of eastern Australia there is an increase in the total abundance of rare earth elements (REE), a light to heavy REE ratio and a decrease in the chondrite normalized Eu anomaly with the increase in SiO2/Al2O3 and K2O/Na2O ratios.
475 citations
TL;DR: The abundances of La, Th, U and Hf have been determined in flysch sequences of the Tasman Geosyncline, Australia as discussed by the authors, and the results show that the arc-derived graywackes differ from those of rifted continental margins and marginal basins, in containing low abundances in the andesitic source-rocks.
141 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the relative abundances of phyllosilicates and tectosilicate (mainly feldspar and quartz) are used to define a mudrock maturity index.
100 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a large variation in trace element characteristics of graywackes of the Paleozoic turbidite sequences of eastern Australia show a large increase in light rare earth elements (La, Ce, Nd), Th, Nb and the Ba/Sr, Rb, Sr, La/Y and Ni/Co ratios.
Abstract: The graywackes of Paleozoic turbidite sequences of eastern Australia show a large variation in their trace element characteristics, which reflect distinct provenance types and tectonic settings for various suites. The tectonic settings recognised are oceanic island arc, continental island arc, active continental margin, and passive margins. Immobile trace elements, e.g. La, Ce, Nd, Th, Zr, Nb, Y, Sc and Co are very useful in tectonic setting discrimination. In general, there is a systematic increase in light rare earth elements (La, Ce, Nd), Th, Nb and the Ba/Sr, Rb/Sr, La/Y and Ni/Co ratios and a decrease in V, Sc and the Ba/Rb, K/Th and K/U ratios in graywackes from oceanic island arc to continental island arc to active continental margin to passive margin settings. On the basis of graywacke geochemistry, the optimum discrimination of the tectonic settings of sedimentary basins is achieved by La-Th, La-Th-Sc, Ti/Zr-La/Sc, La/Y-Sc/Cr, Th-Sc-Zr/10 and Th-Co-Zr/10 plots. The analysed oceanic island arc graywackes are characterised by extremely low abundances of La, Th, U, Zr, Nb; low Th/U and high La/Sc, La/Th, Ti/Zr, Zr/Th ratios. The studied graywackes of the continental island arc type setting are characterised by increased abundances of La, Th, U, Zr and Nb, and can be identified by the La-Th-Sc and La/Sc versus Ti/Zr plots. Active continental margin and passive margin graywackes are discriminated by the Th-Sc-Zr/10 and Th-Co-Zr/10 plots and associated parameters (e.g. Th/Zr, Th/Sc). The most important characteristic of the analysed passive margin type graywackes is the increased abundance of Zr, high Zr/Th and lower Ba, Rb, Sr and Ti/Zr ratio compared to the active continental margin graywackes.
2,133 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the upper crustal abundances of several trace elements, including rare earth elements (REEs), were compared to the upper continental crust of the United States, and the results showed that no revisions are needed for these elements.
Abstract: [1] Estimates of the average composition of various Precambrian shields and a variety of estimates of the average composition of upper continental crust show considerable disagreement for a number of trace elements, including Ti, Nb, Ta, Cs, Cr, Ni, V, and Co. For these elements and others that are carried predominantly in terrigenous sediment, rather than in solution (and ultimately into chemical sediment), during the erosion of continents the La/element ratio is relatively uniform in clastic sediments. Since the average rare earth element (REE) pattern of terrigenous sediment is widely accepted to reflect the upper continental crust, such correlations provide robust estimates of upper crustal abundances for these trace elements directly from the sedimentary data. Suggested revisions to the upper crustal abundances of Taylor and McLennan [1985] are as follows (all in parts per million): Sc = 13.6, Ti = 4100, V = 107, Cr = 83, Co = 17, Ni = 44, Nb = 12, Cs = 4.6, Ta = 1.0, and Pb = 17. The upper crustal abundances of Rb, Zr, Ba, Hf, and Th were also directly reevaluated and K, U, and Rb indirectly evaluated (by assuming Th/U, K/U, and K/Rb ratios), and no revisions are warranted for these elements. In the models of crustal composition proposed by Taylor and McLennan [1985] the lower continental crust (75% of the entire crust) is determined by subtraction of the upper crust (25%) from a model composition for the bulk crust, and accordingly, these changes also necessitate revisions to lower crustal abundances for these elements.
1,643 citations
1,571 citations
TL;DR: Sandstones of the Paleozoic turbidite sequences of eastern Australia show a large variation in their major element geochemistry, reflecting the distinct sedimentary provenance and tectonic setting as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Sandstones of the Paleozoic turbidite sequences of eastern Australia show a large variation in their major element geochemistry, reflecting the distinct sedimentary provenance and tectonic setting ...
1,518 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors showed that sandstones from different tectonic settings possess characteristic chemistry, particularly $$SiO(2)$ content and $$K 2 O/Na 2 O$ ratio.
Abstract: Several previous studies have shown that sandstones from different tectonic settings possess characteristic chemistry, particularly $$SiO_{2}$$ content and $$K_{2}O/Na_{2}O$$ ratio. Systematic vari...
1,427 citations