Mulyadi Mulyadi

Bio: Mulyadi Mulyadi is an academic researcher from University of North Sumatra. The author has contributed to research in topics: Sentence & Verb. The author has an hindex of 4, co-authored 27 publications receiving 49 citations.

Interjection Bah! in Batak Toba: A natural semantic metalanguage approach

Abstract: Interjection is the word used to show spontaneous expression. Batak language has a specific emotive interjection Bah! which is different from other interjections in the language. The objectives of this study are to find the meanings of interjection Bah! and to classify the elements of feelings of this interjection. This is a descriptive qualitative study employing the semantic explication method of the Natural Semantic Metalanguage approach. The data was collected from the interjection Bah! in a Batak Toba short story entitled Mangongkal Holi . The data were obtained by the attentive observation method and tapping technique. The methods used for data analysis were the distribution and contextual method. The results of this study showed that there are five meanings of the interjection Bah! They are astonishment, disappointment, confusion, surprise, and amazement. Meanwhile, those meanings express two elements of feelings, which are the positive feeling element (i.e. surprise and amazement), and the negative feeling element (i.e. astonishment, disappointment, and confusion). The revelation of the various meanings of Bah! is expected to provide richer understanding on its use in communication, and to further avoid miscommunication between different ethnics in Indonesia which each has their own mother tongue.

Kalimat tanya dalam bahasa melayu dialek tamiang

Abstract: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang membahas struktur kalimat tanya dalam bahasa Melayu dialek Tamiang Penelitian struktur kalimat tanya ini menggunakan teori x-bar sebagai kajian sintaksis generatif Data penelitian ini berupa kalimat tanya mae ‘ apa’ , hapo ‘siapa’ , kalo ‘ kapan’ , kek mano ‘ dimana’ , keno mae ‘ kenapa ’, dan gano ‘ bagaimana’ Data ini diperoleh dari hasil wawancara penutur asli bahasa Melayu dialek Tamiang dan data tersebut dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode agih Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa jenis kalimat tanya total dalam bahasa Melayu dialek Tamiang memerlukan jawaban “ya” atau “tidak”, sedangkan jenis kalimat tanya parsial dalam bahasa Melayu dialek Tamiang memerlukan jawaban penjelasan atau keterangan Kata kunci: struktur kalimat, teori x-bar, bahasa Melayu dialek Tamiang INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES IN THE TAMIANG DIALECT OF MALAY Abstract This is a qualitative study discussing the structures of interrogative sentences in the Tamiang dialect of Malay The study on the structures of interrogative sentences uses the x-bar theory as a study of generative syntax The data were in the form of sentences asking mae ‘what’, hapo ‘who’, kalo ‘when’, kek mano ‘where’, keno mae ‘why’, and gano ‘how’ The data were collected through interviews with native speakers of the Tamiang dialect of Malaythe data were analyzed using the distributionalmethod The results indicate that yes-no questions require a “yes” or “no” answer, while wh-questions require explanation or information Keywords: sentence structures, x-bar theory, dialect Tamiang of Malay

Local wisdom of taboos in karo language

Abstract: This research aims to explore local wisdom of taboos in Karo language. Taboo is more than prohibitions and avoidance in tradition; it normally arises from social restrictions on individual behaviour that can lead to inconvenience and danger. Taboo was created as a control for community to avoid personal and family conflict. The research was conducted in five sub-districts of Karo, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. It was carried out by using a qualitative approach with ethnographic methods. The data of local wisdom were obtained from the interview method from nine key informants who mastered and used Karo language and culture well in their daily activities and the writer played a role as the native speaker so that he could directly feel how the culture was implemented in the daily lives of Karo society. It was found that the local wisdoms of taboos in Karo culture were attitude and eagerness to do the best for the community, since taboo rules provide a picture for them about how to express dignified words and behave glorious deeds and how to avoid mentioning disgusting words and behaving impolite manners. The rules become controls for social harmony to be maintained properly. Taboo rules were imposed not to make the society difficult to communicate with each other, but to provide a sense of security and peace for them so that they can live peacefully and harmoniously.

Naming Culinary in Mandailing Society: A Culinary Linguistic Approach

Abstract: This study examines culinary naming in the mandailing community. This study aims to see what culinary names exist in the Mandailing community according to the theory used. This research involves a concept or meaning, a word or symbol and something that is referred to as the relation between the elements described in the 'meaning triangle' pioneered by Ogden and Richard. This research is expected to be a reference for the Mandailing community to find out the meaning and type of culinary with a qualitative descriptive method. Data collection techniques using Spradley's ethnographic model using interviews and participant observation methods. The results showed that there were 8 culinary names for the mandailing community.

Cognitive interjection in indonesian and japanese

Abstract: Cognitive interjection conveys a message that is more oriented to cognition or thought, namely something that is known as information and becomes new knowledge. This type of Interjection is different from emotive interjection and volitive interjection. This study aims to reveal the form and meaning of cognitive interjection in Indonesian and Japanese. This research is a kind of qualitative descriptive research and at the data collection stage the method used is the refer method. Natural Semantic Metalanguage Theory (NSM) is used to identify and describe the form and meaning of cognitive interjection in both languages. The forms of cognitive interjection in Indonesian are: Aha, aah, wah, ooh, hmm, oopps, hah, well, well. In Japanese the forms of interjection are: Aa (あ あ), Yaa (や あ), Maa (ま あ), Aa (あ あ), Eeto (え え と), Ee (え え), Are (あ れ), Sora (そ ら). This study found groups of meanings for cognitive interjection, which were divided into interjection expressions of thought, interjection of expressions of difficulty, interjection of agreed expressions, interjection of expressions only knowing something, interjection of expressions of distrust, interjection of expressions of guilt, interjection of expressions recalled. Keywords: Cognitive Interjection, NSM (Natural Semantic Metalanguage), Cognition

English as a global language

Abstract: A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0 521 82347 1 hardback ISBN 0 521 53032 6 paperback Contents List of tables page vii Preface to the second edition ix Preface to the first edition xii 1 Why a global language? 1 What is a global language? 3 What makes a global language? 7 Why do we need a global language? 11 What are the dangers of a global language? 14 Could anything stop a global language? 25 A critical era 27 2 Why English? The historical context 29 Origins 30 America 31 Canada 36 The Caribbean 39 Australia and New Zealand 40 South Africa 43 South Asia 46 Former colonial Africa 49 Southeast Asia and the South Pacific 54 A world view 59 v Contents