Mustafa Salah Hasan

Bio: Mustafa Salah Hasan is an academic researcher from University of Fallujah. The author has contributed to research in topics: Salmonella & Fermentation. The author has an hindex of 5, co-authored 10 publications receiving 38 citations.

Confirmatory Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Diarrhoeic and Non-Diarrhoeic Calves by using real time PCR with Studying the Antimicrobial Susceptibility of these bacteria

Abstract: Shiga toxigenic E. coli O157: H7 is one of the Shiga-toxin producing types of E. coli, which can produce disease in man and animals. The aims of this study were to detect O gene (rfbO157) and H gene(fliCH7) and determine the pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility of 32 E. coli O157: H7 isolates. The isolates isolated by conventional culture methods and latex test from faecal samples of 4 calves suffering from diarrhoea and 28 calves apparent normal. DNA was extracted from these isolates and the real time PCR was applied on the extracted DNA for confirming the diagnosis of rfbO157 and flic H7 genes. Seven antimicrobial discs were used in this study. The result presented that all the (32) isolates were possessed the rfbO157 and flics H7 genes. The susceptibility test of the isolates revealed that all isolates were highly resistant to Erythromycin (100%) and Cephalothin (96.87%). Less resistance to Tetracycline, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole and Chloramphenicol at different percentage (31.25%), (12.5%) and (9.37%) respectively and all isolates showed high sensitivity to Gentamicin (100%), Enrofloxacin (100%). In conclusion, the real time PCR can be used as a sensitive and reliable tool for diagnosis of E. coli O157: H7, and this bacteria showed high resistance to antibiotic.

Study the pathological changes in the intestine of rabbits infected experimentally with Salmonella typhimurium.

Abstract: The current study aimed to explore the histopatholgical changes in intestine of rabbits experimentally infected with Salmonella typhimurium. A highly virulent isolate of S. typhimurium obtained from Department of internal and preventive medicine/ College of Veterinary Medicine/University of Baghdad were previously diagnosed and confirmed by PCR. Infective dose of bacteria was prepared and given to animals at a dose of 5×10 CFU. The experimental study was conducted on 25 local rabbits of both genders aged between 2-4 months old were adapted for two weeks before starting the experiment. These rabbits divided randomly into five Groups, each group contains 5 rabbits, as follows: Group 1: these were used as negative control Group 2: these were used as infected group which drenched 5 ml suspension which have (5×10 CFU) of Salmonella typhimurium, Group 3: these were given a same dose of Salmonella typhimurium then treated with single dose of gentamicin alone at 0.05ml/kg (5mg/ml) orally after presence of signs, Group 4: these were given a same dose of S. typhimurium then treated with a single dose of CaEDTA alone at 40mg/kg orally after presence of signs, Group 5: these were drenched with the same dose of S. typhimurium then treated with combination of single dose of gentamicin at 0.05ml/kg (5mg/ml) orally and Ca-EDTA 40mg/kg orally after presence of signs. The presented results of post mortem showed a congestion of intestine and filled with watery diarrhea. The results of histopathological examination of intestine revealed presence of different changes as infiltration of PMNs, destruction of crypts,villus atrophy and mucosal and submucosal blood vessel congestion in G2, G3, G4 pre and post treatment at different times, while the histological architecture in the G5 appeared near to normal with mild PMNs hyperplasia in mucosa at 48 hrs., while, at 96h it showed normal histological appearance.

Detection of virulence and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolated from pets and stray dogs

Abstract: The main objective of this study was to detect the virulence of E. coli O157:H7 by using Congo red dye and to determine the pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility for twenty six isolates of E. coli O157:H7 obtained from Department of internal and preventive medicine/ College of Veterinary Medicine/ University of Baghdad isolated from diarrheic and non- diarrheic dogs found in Baghdad Province, the study extended from March 2015 to August 2015. Seven antimicrobial discs were used in this study Chloramphenicol (30µg), Ampicillin (10µg), Trimethoprim plus sulfa (1.25 µg), Ciprofloxacin (5µg), Erythromycin(15µg), Gentamycin (120 µg), Cephalexin (30 µg), Trimethoprim(5 µg). The result showed that 24 isolates gave a positive result for Congo red, whereas only two isolates give a negative result. Results of antimicrobial susceptibility showed that the isolates susceptible to Ciprofloxacin at a percentage (80.76%) followed by gentamycin and trimethoprim plus sulfa at a percentage (53.84 % ; 46.15 %) respectively. In conclusion, isolates of E. coli O157:H7 isolated from fecal samples from diarrheic and non-diarrheic dogs were having the multidrug resistant phenomena and most of isolates were positive to Congo red dye which indicated this organism as an invasive pathogen.

Liver, Kidney Function Tests and Oxidative Damage During and after Treatment of Salmonella typhimurium Infection in Experimental Local Rabbits

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the liver, kidney damage caused by S. typhimurium and to estimate the oxidative damage in association with this bacteria. A highly virulent isolates of S. typhimurium were obtained from the department of internal and preventive medicine/ College of Veterinary Medicine/ University of Baghdad. A twenty five local rabbits of both genders with age range (2-4 months) weeks old were used for this study, the rabbits were divided randomly into five groups each group contains 5 rabbits :- group 1: drenched orally with 5 ml of normal saline and consider as control group, group 2: were drenched orally with (5 ml) suspension which contain (5��109 CFU) of Salmonella typhimurium and regarded as infected group, group 3 were drenched orally with (5 ml) suspension which have (5��109 CFU) of Salmonella typhimurium then treated with a single dose of gentamicin alone at 0.05ml/kg (5mg/ml) orally after presence of signs (after 24hrs. post inoculation), group 4 were drenched (5 ml) suspension having (5��109 CFU) of Salmonella typhimurium then treated with a single dose of Ca-EDTA alone at 40mg/kg orally after presence of signs (after 24hrs. post inoculation) and group 5 were drenched (5 ml) suspension that contain (5��109 CFU) of Salmonella typhimurium then treated with a single dose of combined gentamicin at 0.05ml/kg (5mg/ml) orally after presence of signs (after 24hrs. post inoculation) and Ca-EDTA 40mg/kg after presence of signs (after 24hrs. post inoculation).The results of biochemical profile showed a significant increase (p less than 0.05) in ALT, creatinine and urea levels in infected group as compared with control group, while, the treated groups especially group 5 showed a significant improvement in ALT, Urea and creatinine levels which returned to relative normal levels as compared with infected group after 96hrs. post treatment. Also, the results of oxidative stress showed a significant increase in the levels of MDA in G2, G3, G4 and G5 after 48 hrs. post treatment, while the level of GSH showed a significant decrease in the level at 48hrs., both were returned to relative normal levels after 96hrs.post treatment especially in group 5.In conclusion, S. typhimurium can causing liver and kidney damage which is manifested by increase ALT, Urea and Creatinine. Also, MDA and GSH is increased due to salmonellosis.

Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2—Dependent Evasion of the

Abstract: A type III protein secretion system encoded by Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI2) has been found to be required for virulence and survival within macrophages. Here, SPI2 was shown to allow Salmonella typhimurium to avoid NADPH oxidase-dependent killing by macrophages. The ability of SPI2-mutant bacteria to survive in macrophages and to cause lethal infection in mice was restored by abrogation of the NADPH oxidase-dependent respiratory burst. Ultrastructural and immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated efficient localization of the NADPH oxidase in the proximity of vacuoles containing SPI2-mutant but not wild-type bacteria, suggesting that SPI2 interferes with trafficking of oxidase-containing vesicles to the phagosome.

Textbook of Clinical Chemistry

Abstract: The last edition of Tietz's Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry appeared more than ten years ago and survives as a dated but valuable reference. The successor to Fundamentals, Textbook of Clinical Chemistry , follows an outline similar to the original text but adds many new subjects and updates older topics. This has resulted in a text that is 50% larger than its predecessor. Much of the newer material centers on interpretation and understanding of data and its limitations. For example, more than 200 pages (compared with 50 pages) are dedicated to an introductory section entitled "Acquisition, Management, and Application of Laboratory Data," covering the use of reference ranges, statistics, quality assurance, method evaluation, and computers. The remaining introductory chapters discuss general procedures, instrumentation, and automation. Unfortunately, the chapter that discusses current automated instrumentation already has been outdated by equipment evolution and could have been incorporated into the chapter about general instrumentation principles.

The Estimation of the Bactericidal Power of the Blood. With a Note by J. O. IRWIN.

Abstract: The survival rate, p , of a measured inoculum of Staph. aureus in a standard volume of denbrinated blood, is a reliable quantitative measure of the bactericidal power of blood. The number of viable organisms in the inoculum and in the blood-bacterium mixture may be estimated with the necessary accuracy by counts of colonies developing from measured volumes of the fluids let fall on to the surface of solid media. Fildes' agar was the most suitable medium for this surface-viable count, and was selected on the basis of four criteria; of the media tested it yielded the highest counts, and the counts conformed most closely to a Poisson series; and on it the mean colony size was maximum, and the coefficient of variation of colony size was minimum. On this medium, the close conformity of the separate count values to a Poisson series enabled the standard error of the survival rate to be determined from a simplification of the general expression for the standard error of a ratio. The number of colonies growing from a sample of a blood-bacterium mixture may be reduced, not by killing of the individual cocci, but as a result of their aggregation either by agglutinins in the blood, or in the cytoplasm of leucocytes that are phagocytic but not bactericidal. It appears that these mechanisms are unlikely to operate in blood-bacterium mixture containing relatively few organisms; in such mixtures the survival rate is a reflexion of the killing power only. The immunological significance of p has not been investigated, but the range of values for healthy human adults differs significantly from that for sufferers from chronic staphylococcal infection. Moreover, by the technique employed differences may be detected between individual values of p that cannot reasonably be attributed to technical or sampling errors.

Escherichia coli as a pathogen in dogs and cats [Escherichia coli infections, diarrhoea, extra-intestinal diseases, virulence factors]

Abstract: Certain strains of Escherichia coli behave as pathogens in dogs and cats causing gastro-intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases. Among the five known groups of diarrhoeagenic E. coli, namely enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC) and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAggEC), only EPEC and ETEC were clearly associated with enteric disease in young dogs. ETEC isolates from diarrhoeic dogs were found to be positive for the heat-stable enterotoxins STa and STb but negative for heat-labile enterotoxin (LT). Canine ETEC were found to be different from those of other animals and humans by their serotypes, production of alpha-haemolysin and adhesive factors and by the production of uncharacterized types of enterotoxins by some ETEC. Canine EPEC could be distinguished from EPEC of humans or other animals by their serotypes and by the eae-protein intimin which mediates intimate adherence of EPEC to intestinal mucosa cells. STEC were occasionally isolated from faeces of healthy and diarrhoeic dogs but their role in canine diarrhoea is not yet well known. EIEC and EAggEC were not reported to occur in dogs or cats. Very little is known on diarrhoegenic E. coli in cats and further epidemiological investigations on this subject are needed. Besides its role in gastro-intestinal infections, E. coli can cause infections of the urogenital tract and systemic disease in dogs and cats. Extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli strains from dogs and cats belong to a limited number of serotypes and clonal groups and are frequently found as a part of the normal gut flora of these animals. Many of these E. coli strains carry P-fimbriae and produce alpha-haemolysin and a necrotizing cytotoxin (CNF1). Some of the frequently isolated types of extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli from dogs, cats and humans were found to be highly genetically related but showed differences in their P-fimbrial adhesins which determine host specificity. Transmission of extra-intestinal and enteral pathogenic E. coli between dogs and humans was reported. Further research is needed, however, to determine the role of dogs and cats as transmission vectors of pathogenic E. coli strains to other animals and humans.