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Showing papers by "Myron S. Cohen published in 1983"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that vitamin D metabolites may contribute to monocyte/macrophage differentiation and be a source of stimulation in adherence and ingestion of Staphylococcus aureus and of C3b receptor (CR1) expression.
Abstract: U937 is a human-derived lymphoma cell line that has monoblastic properties and high-affinity receptors for 1 alpha,-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Incubation of these cells with the vitamin D metabolite at 10 nM for 5 days produced marked stimulation in adherence and ingestion of Staphylococcus aureus (645% of control) and of C3b receptor (CR1) expression (292% of control) and a slight increase in hexose monophosphate shunt activity without changing cell growth rates or Fc fragment receptor expression. The changes in cellular association of S. aureus and the CR1 were detected as early as 48 hr of incubation and peaked between 3 and 5 days. Similar changes in the CR1 were induced by 25-hydroxy- and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 at micromolar concentrations. Dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, and progesterone had no effect on CR1 expression. U937 cells incubated in the presence of vitamin D metabolites exhibited a change in their phenotype. These results suggest that vitamin D metabolites may contribute to monocyte/macrophage differentiation.

146 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Chinese hospital serves three separate but overlapping functions: a danwei or work unit, that employs not only health care personnel, but also day-care teachers, builders, drivers, repairmen, and other auxiliary personnel, and the third function is political and organizational.
Abstract: Excerpt Medical care delivery in the People's Republic of China has attracted tremendous interest among health providers in the United States (1, 2), primarily because of innovations relevant to pa...

37 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A patient with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia who received chemotherapy developed lung nodules and later central nervous system symptoms consistent with disseminated aspergillosis, the first reported case of disseminated A. terreus infection in an immunocompromised host.
Abstract: A patient with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia who received chemotherapy developed lung nodules and later central nervous system symptoms consistent with disseminated aspergillosis. The diagnosis was made at open lung biopsy by culturing the organism and observing in tissue sections conidia borne laterally along the hyphae, a characteristic of the Aspergillus terreus-flavipes group. This is the first reported case of disseminated A. terreus infection in an immunocompromised host.

23 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report a case of peroxidase deficiency in a parent and an infant whose cells emitted no light in the luminol-enhanced luminescence test.
Abstract: Chemiluminescence can be used to identify defects in the oxidative metabolism of granulocytes. This procedure has recently been adopted for use with microliter quantities of whole blood, appropriate for prenatal or neonatal study. Although the contribution of myeloperoxidase to the chemiluminescence assay has been noted, the possible diagnostic confusion between chronic granulomatous disease of childhood (which is rare and severe) and myeloperoxidase deficiency (which is common and of little clinical consequence) has not been stressed. We report a father and his infant daughter whose cells emitted no light in the luminol-enhanced luminescence assay; both patients are totally peroxidase deficient. These results emphasize the hereditary nature of myeloperoxidase deficiency, and the possibility for erroneous diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease of childhood based on the luminol-enhanced luminescence test.

15 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that the CNS manifestations of EHF are multifactorial in cause and they identify a subset of patients with an advanced stage of disease and a grave prognosis.
Abstract: • The records of 134 patients with the clinical diagnosis of epidemic hemorrhagic fever (EHF) were evaluated. The conditions of 74 patients could be categorized as "serious" based on hemorrhagic complications and magnitude of proteinuria, BP abnormality, and pyrexia. Forty-six of these patients with a serious condition had one or more CNS abnormalities. Common manifestations included confusion, meningismus, and convulsions. Whereas abnormality in fever could not be related to CNS abnormality, BP disturbance, acidosis, and azotemia were significantly more common among patients with CNS disease. Fourteen percent of the patients in this study died, and all of them had CNS disturbance; mortality among patients with CNS disturbance was 41%. These results suggest that the CNS manifestations of EHF are multifactorial in cause and they identify a subset of patients with an advanced stage of disease and a grave prognosis. ( Arch Intern Med 1983;143:2070-2072)

13 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The in vitro susceptibility of penicillinase-producing and intrinsically resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains to 13 antimicrobial agents was tested, finding that these organisms remained quite susceptible to newer cephalosporin agents, including moxalactam, cefoperazone,cefotaxime, and ceftazidime.
Abstract: The in vitro susceptibility of penicillinase-producing and intrinsically resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains to 13 antimicrobial agents was tested. Regardless of the type of resistance, these organisms remained quite susceptible to newer cephalosporin agents, including moxalactam, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime.

10 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Elevated toxoplasma IFA titers may occur in patients at high risk for opportunistic infection but who do not manifest overt clinical toxoplasmosis, as demonstrated in an immunocompromised patient recently encountered.
Abstract: • Toxoplasmosis is a well-described opportunistic infection in immunocompromised hosts. Meningoencephalitis, myocarditis, and pneumonitis are the most frequent clinical manifestations of disease. Because of difficulties both with isolation of the organism and with its identification in tissue, most laboratories rely on serological techniques for diagnosis of acute disease. The most widely available and commonly employed serological method is the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFA). We recently encountered an immunocompromised patient with an undefined hematologic malignant neoplasm who had an IFA titer greater than 1:100,000 without clinical evidence of active toxoplasmosis. Although his dye test titer and direct agglutination titer were also elevated, he had negative double-sandwich—IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers. Immunoperoxidase staining of the tissues failed to demonstrate trophozoites. This case demonstrates that elevated toxoplasma IFA titers may occur in patients at high risk for opportunistic infection but who do not manifest overt clinical toxoplasmosis. ( Arch Intern Med 1983;143:1235-1237)

4 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is believed that immunosuppressive therapy may be warranted for a 17-year-old Laotian refugee who developed an ultimately fatal disease process characterized by formation of an abdominal eosinophilic mass, peripheral eOSinophilia, and elevated serum IgE.
Abstract: A 17-year-old Laotian refugee developed an ultimately fatal disease process characterized by formation of an abdominal eosinophilic mass, peripheral eosinophilia, and elevated serum IgE. No parasitic pathogens that could explain her disease were isolated during life or identified at autopsy. Furthermore, the disease was not consistent with previously described neoplastic, inflammatory, or idiopathic diseases. We believe this process represents a unique, aggressive variation of the hypereosinophilic syndrome, and that immunosuppressive therapy may be warranted.

1 citations