Author
Myron S. Cohen
Other affiliations: University of Massachusetts Medical School, Scripps Health, Yale University ...read more
Bio: Myron S. Cohen is an academic researcher from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The author has contributed to research in topics: Population & Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The author has an hindex of 103, co-authored 549 publications receiving 46021 citations. Previous affiliations of Myron S. Cohen include University of Massachusetts Medical School & Scripps Health.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
••
TL;DR: By the end of 2020, more than 19 million Americans had received the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: By the end of 2020, more than 19 million Americans had received the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.1 Although a substantial proportion of these ...
71 citations
••
TL;DR: Data show that zidovudine and lamivudine achieve high concentrations in seminal plasma and significantly reduce HIV-1 RNA, a potential surrogate marker for infectiousness, in HIV-positive men over =2 years.
Abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can be transmitted in semen from a man to his sexual partners Antiretroviral drugs are likely to affect the amount of HIV-1 in semen and perhaps transmission of the virus The concentrations of zidovudine, lamivudine, and HIV-1 RNA in blood and seminal plasma were measured in 9 HIV-positive men over =2 years Median (25th-75th percentiles) zidovudine blood and seminal plasma concentrations were 642 (range, 484-2069; n=82) and 2925 (range, 1943-4384; n=79) ng/mL, respectively Median lamivudine blood and seminal plasma concentrations were 3913 (range, 1753-7938; n=82) and 27018 (range, 14605-43202; n=79) ng/mL, respectively The concentration of HIV-1 RNA in seminal plasma was monitored as a potential surrogate marker for infectiousness RNA became undetectable (<400 copies/mL) in the blood and seminal plasma of 8/9 subjects after initiation of therapy and remained undetectable in 6/9 subjects These data show that zidovudine and lamivudine achieve high concentrations in seminal plasma and significantly reduce HIV-1 RNA The effects of antiviral therapy on HIV-1 in semen and on the sexual transmission of HIV-1 require further study
70 citations
••
TL;DR: Using a previously developed spin-trapping system which allows specific on-line detection of superoxide anion (O2-) and .OH production, the impact of MPO and LF release on neutrophil . OH production was compared and indicated that neutrophils possess two mechanisms for limiting .OHProduction.
Abstract: Hydroxyl radical (.OH) formation by neutrophils in vitro requires exogenous iron. Two recent studies [Britigan, Rosen, Thompson, Chai & Cohen (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 17026-17032; Winterbourn (1987) J. Clin. Invest. 78, 545-550] both reported that neutrophil degranulation could potentially inhibit the formation of .OH, but differed in their conclusions as to the responsible factor, myeloperoxidase (MPO) or lactoferrin (LF). By using a previously developed spin-trapping system which allows specific on-line detection of superoxide anion (O2-) and .OH production, the impact of MPO and LF release on neutrophil .OH production was compared. When iron-diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid-supplemented neutrophils were stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or opsonized zymosan, .OH formation occurred, but terminated prematurely in spite of continued O2- generation. Inhibition of MPO by azide increased the magnitude, but not the duration, of .OH formation. No azide effect was noted when MPO-deficient neutrophils were used. Anti-LF antibody increased both the magnitude and duration of .OH generation. Pretreatment of neutrophils with cytochalasin B to prevent phagosome formation did not alter the relative impact of azide or anti-LF on neutrophil .OH production. An effect of azide or anti-LF on spin-trapped-adduct stability was eliminated as a confounding factor. These data indicate that neutrophils possess two mechanisms for limiting .OH production. Implications for neutrophil-derived oxidant damage are discussed.
70 citations
••
70 citations
••
TL;DR: A role for V3 and CD4bs antibodies in constraining the native envelope trimer in vivo to aneutralization-resistant phenotype is demonstrated, explaining why HIV-1 transmission generally occurs by tier 2 neutralization- resistant viruses.
69 citations
Cited by
More filters
••
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill1, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center2, FHI 3603, University of Zimbabwe4, Johns Hopkins University5, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation6, Chiang Mai University7, Fenway Health8, Harvard University9, Kenya Medical Research Institute10, University of the Witwatersrand11, University of California, San Francisco12, University of Nebraska Medical Center13, National Institutes of Health14, University of California, Los Angeles15, University of Washington16
TL;DR: In this article, Antiretroviral therapy that reduces viral replication could limit the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in serodiscordant couples.
Abstract: Background Antiretroviral therapy that reduces viral replication could limit the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in serodiscordant couples. Methods In nine countries, we...
5,871 citations
••
McMaster University1, Northwestern University2, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio3, Johns Hopkins University4, University of Mississippi5, University of Utah6, LDS Hospital7, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention8, United States Department of Veterans Affairs9, Baylor College of Medicine10, Stony Brook University11, Winthrop-University Hospital12, University of Barcelona13
TL;DR: This work presents a meta-analyses of the immune system’s response to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and shows clear patterns of decline in the immune systems of elderly patients with compromised immune systems.
Abstract: Lionel A. Mandell, Richard G. Wunderink, Antonio Anzueto, John G. Bartlett, G. Douglas Campbell, Nathan C. Dean, Scott F. Dowell, Thomas M. File, Jr. Daniel M. Musher, Michael S. Niederman, Antonio Torres, and Cynthia G. Whitney McMaster University Medical School, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; University of Texas Health Science Center and South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, LDS Hospital, and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Rootstown, and Summa Health System, Akron, Ohio; State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, and Department of Medicine, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York; and Cap de Servei de Pneumologia i Allergia Respiratoria, Institut Clinic del Torax, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, CIBER CB06/06/0028, Barcelona, Spain.
5,558 citations
••
TL;DR: The chapter discusses the metabolism of transition metals, such as iron and copper, and the chelation therapy that is an approach to site-specific antioxidant protection.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the role of free radicals and catalytic metal ions in human disease. The importance of transition metal ions in mediating oxidant damage naturally leads to the question as to what forms of such ions might be available to catalyze radical reactions in vivo . The chapter discusses the metabolism of transition metals, such as iron and copper. It also discusses the chelation therapy that is an approach to site-specific antioxidant protection. The detection and measurement of lipid peroxidation is the evidence most frequently cited to support the involvement of free radical reactions in toxicology and in human disease. A wide range of techniques is available to measure the rate of this process, but none is applicable to all circumstances. The two most popular are the measurement of diene conjugation and the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test, but they are both subject to pitfalls, especially when applied to human samples. The chapter also discusses the essential principles of the peroxidation process. When discussing lipid peroxidation, it is essential to use clear terminology for the sequence of events involved; an imprecise use of terms such as initiation has caused considerable confusion in the literature. In a completely peroxide-free lipid system, first chain initiation of a peroxidation sequence in a membrane or polyunsaturated fatty acid refers to the attack of any species that has sufficient reactivity to abstract a hydrogen atom from a methylene group.
5,033 citations
••
01 May 1981TL;DR: This chapter discusses Detecting Influential Observations and Outliers, a method for assessing Collinearity, and its applications in medicine and science.
Abstract: 1. Introduction and Overview. 2. Detecting Influential Observations and Outliers. 3. Detecting and Assessing Collinearity. 4. Applications and Remedies. 5. Research Issues and Directions for Extensions. Bibliography. Author Index. Subject Index.
4,948 citations
••
TL;DR: The new STD treatment guidelines for gonorrhea, chlamydia, bacterial vaginosis, trichomonas, vulvovaginal candidiasis, pelvic inflammatory disease, genital warts, herpes simplex virus infection, syphilis, and scabies are reviewed.
Abstract: The MMWR series of publications is published by the Office of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333.
4,563 citations