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Myron S. Cohen

Bio: Myron S. Cohen is an academic researcher from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The author has contributed to research in topics: Population & Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The author has an hindex of 103, co-authored 549 publications receiving 46021 citations. Previous affiliations of Myron S. Cohen include University of Massachusetts Medical School & Scripps Health.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results suggest that supplementation of growth media with serum should be considered to provide N. gonorrhoeae with conditions more consistent with its normal environment.
Abstract: Humans are the sole reservoir of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, an organism which undergoes a marked increase in metabolic rate after exposure to a low-molecular-weight, heat-stable component(s) of human serum. Further studies on the effect of serum on gonococcal metabolism were undertaken. Gonococcal broth (GCB) is commonly used for in vitro cultivation of gonococci. Gonococci suspended in GCB plus 10% serum exhibited oxygen consumption rates of 139% (P less than 0.01) and 456% (P less than 0.01) of those suspended in GCB or Hanks balanced salt solution, respectively. A twofold increase in growth rate also resulted from the addition of 10% serum to GCB. Gonococcal 14C-labeled adenine incorporation increased threefold with 10% serum supplementation of Hanks balanced salt solution. Dialysis of serum in 1,000-molecular-weight exclusion tubing removed the stimulatory factor(s). Neither correction of anion-cation concentrations altered by dialysis nor addition of substances of known importance to the metabolism of gonococci (i.e., lactate, pyruvate, cysteine, ATP, AMP, NADPH, amino acids, malate, and glutathione) to dialyzed serum reconstituted stimulatory capacity. The effect of serum on gonococcal glucose-catabolic pathways was measured by modified radiospirometry. An apparent threefold increase in Entner-Doudoroff and pentose phosphate pathway activities was induced by 10% serum, as was the increased shunting of glucose-derived glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate into these pathways. These metabolic changes did not allow specific identification of the serum stimulatory factor(s). Acetate, the major by-product of gonococcal glucose catabolism, inhibited gonococcal oxygen consumption as previously reported. A high-molecular-weight serum component, probably albumin, reversed acetate-mediated inhibition of gonococcal oxygen consumption, identifying a second mechanism by which serum increases gonococcal metabolism. These results suggest that supplementation of growth media with serum should be considered to provide N. gonorrhoeae with conditions more consistent with its normal environment.

20 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Mass spectral analysis of the trimethylsilylated derivatives of peak III revealed a spectral pattern very similar to that published for the trim methylsilylation derivatives of 19-nor-10-keto-25-hydroxyvitamin D3.
Abstract: Phagocytic cells, including normal human blood neutrophils and monocytes, metabolize 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in vitro to more polar metabolites. Cells of the human monoblastic cell line U937 produced three metabolites when incubated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. One of these metabolites, previously designated peak III, has its maximal absorbance at 310 nm. Mass spectral analysis of the trimethylsilylated derivatives of peak III revealed a spectral pattern very similar to that published for the trimethylsilylated derivatives of 19-nor-10-keto-25-hydroxyvitamin D3. The biosynthetic 19-nor-10-keto-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 was active in the induction of differentiation of U937 cells.

19 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The scientific background and history of how HPTN 052 came into being, the challenges it faced, and the ultimate impact it had on the fields of HIV treatment and prevention are provided.
Abstract: The HIV Prevention Trials Network 052 study (HPTN 052) was a clinical trial designed to determine whether early treatment for HIV infection prevented transmission of the virus in couples where one ...

19 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
06 May 2011-PLOS ONE
TL;DR: This analysis found a greater number of reported syphilis cases in counties with a higher standard of living in China, and reinforces the importance of changing male sexual behaviors as part of a comprehensive response to syphilis control in China.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Sexually transmitted infections (STI) have made a resurgence in many rapidly developing regions of southern China but there is little understanding of the social changes that contribute to this spatial distribution of STI. This study examines county-level socio-demographic characteristics associated with syphilis and gonorrhea in Guangdong Province. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: This study uses linear regression and spatial lag regression to determine county-level (n = 97) socio-demographic characteristics associated with a greater burden of syphilis gonorrhea and a combined syphilis/gonorrhea index. Data were obtained from the 2005 China Population Census and published public health data. A range of socio-demographic variables including gross domestic product the Gender Empowerment Measure standard of living education level migrant population and employment are examined. Reported syphilis and gonorrhea cases are disproportionately clustered in the Pearl River Delta the central region of Guangdong Province. A higher fraction of employed men among the adult population higher fraction of divorced men among the adult population and higher standard of living (based on water availability and people per room) are significantly associated with higher STI cases across all three models. Gross domestic product and gender inequality measures are not significant predictors of reported STI in these models. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Although many ecological studies of STIs have found poverty to be associated with higher reported STI this analysis found a greater number of reported syphilis cases in counties with a higher standard of living. Spatially targeted syphilis screening measures in regions with a higher standard of living may facilitate successful control efforts. This analysis also reinforces the importance of changing male sexual behaviors as part of a comprehensive response to syphilis control in China.

19 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, Antiretroviral therapy that reduces viral replication could limit the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in serodiscordant couples.
Abstract: Background Antiretroviral therapy that reduces viral replication could limit the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in serodiscordant couples. Methods In nine countries, we...

5,871 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work presents a meta-analyses of the immune system’s response to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and shows clear patterns of decline in the immune systems of elderly patients with compromised immune systems.
Abstract: Lionel A. Mandell, Richard G. Wunderink, Antonio Anzueto, John G. Bartlett, G. Douglas Campbell, Nathan C. Dean, Scott F. Dowell, Thomas M. File, Jr. Daniel M. Musher, Michael S. Niederman, Antonio Torres, and Cynthia G. Whitney McMaster University Medical School, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; University of Texas Health Science Center and South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, LDS Hospital, and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Rootstown, and Summa Health System, Akron, Ohio; State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, and Department of Medicine, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York; and Cap de Servei de Pneumologia i Allergia Respiratoria, Institut Clinic del Torax, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, CIBER CB06/06/0028, Barcelona, Spain.

5,558 citations

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: The chapter discusses the metabolism of transition metals, such as iron and copper, and the chelation therapy that is an approach to site-specific antioxidant protection.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the role of free radicals and catalytic metal ions in human disease. The importance of transition metal ions in mediating oxidant damage naturally leads to the question as to what forms of such ions might be available to catalyze radical reactions in vivo . The chapter discusses the metabolism of transition metals, such as iron and copper. It also discusses the chelation therapy that is an approach to site-specific antioxidant protection. The detection and measurement of lipid peroxidation is the evidence most frequently cited to support the involvement of free radical reactions in toxicology and in human disease. A wide range of techniques is available to measure the rate of this process, but none is applicable to all circumstances. The two most popular are the measurement of diene conjugation and the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test, but they are both subject to pitfalls, especially when applied to human samples. The chapter also discusses the essential principles of the peroxidation process. When discussing lipid peroxidation, it is essential to use clear terminology for the sequence of events involved; an imprecise use of terms such as initiation has caused considerable confusion in the literature. In a completely peroxide-free lipid system, first chain initiation of a peroxidation sequence in a membrane or polyunsaturated fatty acid refers to the attack of any species that has sufficient reactivity to abstract a hydrogen atom from a methylene group.

5,033 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 May 1981
TL;DR: This chapter discusses Detecting Influential Observations and Outliers, a method for assessing Collinearity, and its applications in medicine and science.
Abstract: 1. Introduction and Overview. 2. Detecting Influential Observations and Outliers. 3. Detecting and Assessing Collinearity. 4. Applications and Remedies. 5. Research Issues and Directions for Extensions. Bibliography. Author Index. Subject Index.

4,948 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The new STD treatment guidelines for gonorrhea, chlamydia, bacterial vaginosis, trichomonas, vulvovaginal candidiasis, pelvic inflammatory disease, genital warts, herpes simplex virus infection, syphilis, and scabies are reviewed.
Abstract: The MMWR series of publications is published by the Office of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333.

4,563 citations