In this paper, a fully integrated flow sensor is designed and simulated. The sensor involves three PDMS layers,
monolithic integration of microfluidic channels and detection unit. The middle thin layer includes the PDMS
microcantilever and the microchannels network. The thin layer is sandwiched between the bottom and top PDMS layers
to provide microfluidic environment and to release the cantilever for deflecting. The pressure difference on the cantilever
causes the cantilever deflection. The optical fibers are embedded in the optical channels to send the light to the gold
deposited cantilever tip and to detect the reflected light. Finite element analysis is done using COMSOL Multiphysics
3.5. Fluid structure interaction is done on the cantilever to find the cantilever defection in response to fluid flow in the
microchannels. Optical power loss due to cantilever deflection is simulated by two integrated optical fibers. The
numerical results confirm the feasibility of detecting the PDMS cantilever deflection in the range of regular microfluidic
fluid flows.

Simulation of PDMS microcantilever deflection using integrated optical fibers

Review of gesture recognition gloves and its applications in thermal insulation and heat resistant

Analysis of microcantilever beam and ARROW microcantilever waveguides are presented in this work. The microcantilever is simulated by using the silicon nitride material. Electric voltage applied creates the deformation in the cantilever beam. The deformation leads to displacement of the beam. The displacement is due to bending of the cantilever tip. The integration of MEMS cantilever and ARROW waveguide results in the ARROW microcantilever waveguide. The ARROW microcantilever waveguide quality factor, electric filed intensity and sensitivity analysis are the three important parameters presented. The quality factor is obtained by varying the air gap distance between cantilever waveguide and output waveguide. Through this simulation using FDTD sensitivity up to 73.78 nm/RIU has been achieved for the microcantilever arrow waveguide.

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Analysis of ARROW Waveguide based Microcantilever for Sensing Application

A surface plasmon resonance waveguide sensor operating in the visible wavelength range is presented for refractive index-based sensing. The silver material is used because of its chemical stability and its strong electromagnetic fields on surface of the nanoparticle. The simulation and modeling of surface plasmon resonance sensor are discussed. The aluminum oxide surface coating material improves the resonance of the sensor because of its stable material properties in optical and chemical application. The three modes of the sensor discussed here are transfer electric, transfer magnetic and the surface plasmon waveguide mode. The effective index value of 1.5178 is observed for the surface plasmon mode of the SPR waveguide sensor. The attenuation loss of 21 dB/cm is obtained at visible wavelength. The sensitivity when averaged for two analyte refractive index is 354 nm/refractive index unit (RIU). The proposed surface plasmons resonance sensor is used as refractive index-based sensor for environmental and chemical monitoring. This proposed work can be used to sense analyte refractive index based on the variation of the change in the resonant wavelength.

Analysis and Design of Surface Plasmon Resonance Waveguide for Sensing Application

Photonic crystals (PCs) along with antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides (ARROWs) are evolving devices in the design of biosensors. In this work modeling of the PC structure is carried out for sensing application. The PCs are the periodic arrangement of air holes on the silicon core material, and those with linear cavity structures have applications in photonics as waveguides, lasers and photon emitters. The PC in our design is used as a waveguide to pass the light from input waveguide to output waveguide. The mode solutions and variational effective index method are used as mathematical modeling tools. The device is modeled and simulated for different configurations of PC rows and by varying the length of the waveguide. The high-quality factor is obtained for the linear cavity fundamental mode photonic structure. The PC ARROW has shown transmission of 94.37% at resonant wavelength of 1.5977 
 $$\upmu $$
 m. The observed transverse electric amplitude is 0.6013 and quality factor is 5123 for the waveguide. The model presented in this work can be used to detect the sensitivity of the waveguide for liquid samples. In particular, the analyte sample used in the simulation are properties of blood and hemoglobin solution in water. The sensitivity of the waveguide obtained is 38.27 nm per refractive index unit.

Modeling of photonic crystals anti resonant reflecting optical waveguide for sensing applications

Surface plasmon resonance sensor using gold thin film material simulation is carried out. The reflectance and dispersion relation in the surface plasmons resonance in the glass and gold interface is analyzed. The operating wavelength used is 500nm (visible range). SPR mode at the 500nm using FDTD mathematical modeling method gives the resonance angle at 47 degree. The perfectly matched layers and Bloch boundaries are used in the simulation of SPR sensor. Here we are analyzing the dispersion and reflectance at the glass/gold/air interface. There are two SPR modes observed.

N. K. Suryanarayana

Papers

Analysis of ARROW Waveguide based Microcantilever for Sensing Application

Analysis and Design of Surface Plasmon Resonance Waveguide for Sensing Application

Modeling of photonic crystals anti resonant reflecting optical waveguide for sensing applications

FDTD Analysis of Surface Plasmon Resonance Structure