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N.S. Sudheer

Bio: N.S. Sudheer is an academic researcher from Cochin University of Science and Technology. The author has contributed to research in topics: Penaeus monodon & Shrimp. The author has an hindex of 9, co-authored 14 publications receiving 239 citations. Previous affiliations of N.S. Sudheer include Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The crustin-like AMP was found to be constitutively expressed in the animal and a significant down-regulation could be noted post-challenge WSSV, and the marine yeast, C. haemulonii and the probiotic bacteria, Bacillus were found to enhance the production of crustin like AMP and confer significant protection to P. monodon against W SSV infection.

77 citations

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TL;DR: The study indicated suitability of the aqueous extract of C. tagal as a possible prophylaxis for WSSV infection in shrimp, the first report on the anti W SSV property of the mangrove plant C.tagal.

52 citations

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TL;DR: The nearly identical uptake pattern of the different WSSV-antigens suggests that receptors on the apical membrane of shrimp enterocytes recognize rec-VP28 efficiently, and the truncated VP28 can be considered suitable for oral vaccination, when the digestion in the foregut can be bypassed.

27 citations

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TL;DR: The utility of lymphoid primary cell culture as a platform for research in virus-cell interaction, virus morphogenesis, up and downregulation of shrimp immune-related genes, and also for the discovery of novel drugs to combat WSSV in shrimp culture is emphasized.
Abstract: Shrimp cell lines are yet to be reported and this restricts the prospects of investigating the associated viral pathogens, especially white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). In this context, development of primary cell cultures from lymphoid organs was standardized. Poly-l-lysine-coated culture vessels enhanced growth of lymphoid cells, while the application of vertebrate growth factors did not, except insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Susceptibility of the lymphoid cells to WSSV was confirmed by immunofluoresence assay using monoclonal antibody against the 28 kDa envelope protein of WSSV. Expression of viral and immune-related genes in WSSV-infected lymphoid cultures could be demonstrated by RT-PCR. This emphasizes the utility of lymphoid primary cell culture as a platform for research in virus-cell interaction, virus morphogenesis, up and downregulation of shrimp immune-related genes, and also for the discovery of novel drugs to combat WSSV in shrimp culture.

23 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The global emergence, biology, challenges with laboratory identification, drug resistance, clinical manifestations, treatment, risk factors for infection, transmission, and control of C. auris are reviewed.
Abstract: Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant yeast that causes serious invasive infections with high mortality. It was first discovered in 2009, and since then, individual cases or outbreaks have been reported from over 20 countries on five continents. Controlling C. auris is challenging for several reasons: (1) it is resistant to multiple classes of antifungals, (2) it can be misidentified as other yeasts by commonly available identification methods, and (3) because of its ability to colonize patients perhaps indefinitely and persist in the healthcare environment, it can spread between patients in healthcare settings. The transmissibility and high levels of antifungal resistance that are characteristic of C. auris set it apart from most other Candida species. A robust response that involves the laboratory, clinicians, and public health agencies is needed to identify and treat infections and prevent transmission. We review the global emergence, biology, challenges with laboratory identification, drug resistance, clinical manifestations, treatment, risk factors for infection, transmission, and control of C. auris.

251 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Tamás Rőszer1
TL;DR: It is shown that mollusks and crustaceans integrate immune functions to a metabolic organ, the midintestinal gland (“hepatopancreas”), and that immunity was the primary function of the mid gastrointestinal gland cells and that their role in the intermediate metabolism has evolved during the course of their further specialization.
Abstract: The immune system has an impact on the metabolic performance in vertebrates, thus the metabolic effects of immune cells are receiving intense attention today in the biomedical field. However, the evolutionary origin of the immunity-metabolism interaction is still uncertain. In this review, I show that mollusks and crustaceans integrate immune functions to a metabolic organ, the midintestinal gland ("hepatopancreas"). In these animals, the epithelial cells of the midintestinal gland are major sources of immune molecules, such as lectins, hemocyanin, ferritin, antibacterial and antiviral proteins, proteolytic enzymes and nitric oxide. There is crosstalk between midintestinal gland cells and phagocytes, which aids the initiation of the immune response and the clearance of pathogens. The midintestinal gland is thereby an integrated organ of immunity and metabolism. It is likely that immunity was the primary function of the midintestinal gland cells and that their role in the intermediate metabolism has evolved during the course of their further specialization.

214 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Probiotics are live beneficial bacteria introduced into the gastrointestinal tract through food or water, promoting good health by enhancing the internal microbial balance as mentioned in this paper, which can improve growth performance, disease resistance, immunity, health status, intestinal epithelial barrier integrity, and water quality.

168 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
18 Jan 2016-Viruses
TL;DR: Current knowledge of how WSSV infects and replicates in its host, and critique strategies for WSD treatment are assessed.
Abstract: Since its emergence in the 1990s, White Spot Disease (WSD) has had major economic and societal impact in the crustacean aquaculture sector. Over the years shrimp farming alone has experienced billion dollar losses through WSD. The disease is caused by the White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), a large dsDNA virus and the only member of the Nimaviridae family. Susceptibility to WSSV in a wide range of crustacean hosts makes it a major risk factor in the translocation of live animals and in commodity products. Currently there are no effective treatments for this disease. Understanding the molecular basis of disease processes has contributed significantly to the treatment of many human and animal pathogens, and with a similar aim considerable efforts have been directed towards understanding host-pathogen molecular interactions for WSD. Work on the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis in aquatic crustaceans has been restricted by a lack of sequenced and annotated genomes for host species. Nevertheless, some of the key host-pathogen interactions have been established: between viral envelope proteins and host cell receptors at initiation of infection, involvement of various immune system pathways in response to WSSV, and the roles of various host and virus miRNAs in mitigation or progression of disease. Despite these advances, many fundamental knowledge gaps remain; for example, the roles of the majority of WSSV proteins are still unknown. In this review we assess current knowledge of how WSSV infects and replicates in its host, and critique strategies for WSD treatment.

160 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The sequence diversity of invertebrate AMPs (defensins, cecropins, crustins and anti-lipopolysaccharide factors) are presented to provide a better understanding of the evolution pattern of these peptides that play a major role in host defense mechanisms.
Abstract: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are evolutionarily ancient molecules that act as the key components in the invertebrate innate immunity against invading pathogens. Several AMPs have been identified and characterized in invertebrates, and found to display considerable diversity in their amino acid sequence, structure and biological activity. AMP genes appear to have rapidly evolved, which might have arisen from the co-evolutionary arms race between host and pathogens, and enabled organisms to survive in different microbial environments. Here, the sequence diversity of invertebrate AMPs (defensins, cecropins, crustins and anti-lipopolysaccharide factors) are presented to provide a better understanding of the evolution pattern of these peptides that play a major role in host defense mechanisms.

133 citations