Time is divided by geologists according to marked shifts in Earth's state. Recent global environmental changes suggest that Earth may have entered a new human-dominated geological epoch, the Anthropocene. Here we review the historical genesis of the idea and assess anthropogenic signatures in the geological record against the formal requirements for the recognition of a new epoch. The evidence suggests that of the various proposed dates two do appear to conform to the criteria to mark the beginning of the Anthropocene: 1610 and 1964. The formal establishment of an Anthropocene Epoch would mark a fundamental change in the relationship between humans and the Earth system.

Defining the Anthropocene

The prohibition of antibiotics has led to extensive research and use of phytogenic feed additives. James Barrie Kirkpatrick described four subspecies of eucalyptus (family Myrtaceae), including Eucalýptus globulus, in 1974. The maximum concentrations of quercetin-3D-glycoside (1703.30 g/mL), astragalin (1737.82 g/mL), chlorogenic acid (342.14 g/mL), catechin (282.54 g/mL), rosmarinic acid (36.39 g/mL), and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (27.55 g/mL) were found in samples of ultrasonic extraction with ethyl alcohol (extraction module 1:5, temperature of 32 °C, an ultrasonic exposure time of 25 min). Antimicrobial activity was observed in all studied samples after 12 h of incubation (against gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis) and gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria, as well as representatives of yeast fungi (Candida albicans)); a more pronounced antimicrobial effect (lysis zone) was observed after ultrasonic processing of extracts for 20 and 25 min. Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans had lysis areas of 10.0 mm (20 min extraction with ultrasonic treatment), 13.0 mm (20 min extraction without ultrasonic treatment), and 15.5 mm (25 min extraction with ultrasonic treatment), respectively. E. globulus was demonstrated to be a source of biologically active phenolic compounds with antibacterial and fungicidal activity. More research on the use of E. globulus in feed additives is required.

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Antimicrobial Screening and Fungicidal Properties of Eucalýptus globulus Ultrasonic Extracts

The rabbit is an important agricultural species, due to its high productivity, precocity, relative unpretentiousness in care, the possibility of use in the fur industry and the production of high-value dietary meat. Public and private organizations are concerned about the lack of industrial production of rabbit meat in Russia, as the demand for this product is growing. The quantity and quality of meat is more dependent on a full-fledged, balanced diet for nutrients and metabolic energy. In the conditions of the Primorsky territory, vegetable raw materials of the far Eastern flora are increasingly used in the practice of animal husbandry. It is used to balance the rations of the missing elements to improving the palatability of the basic feed, improvement of digestibility, purposeful change of the metabolism and the prophylaxis of stress conditions of animals. The article discusses the effect of the drug “KED+LBA” on the productivity of young rabbits in the conditions of Primorye.

Productivity of rabbits when using the drug “KED+LBA” in their diets

Rabbit breeding is a promising branch of animal husbandry. Rabbits provide delicious dietary meat, valuable fur raw materials and down, while using cheap and affordable feed: grass, hay, branch feed, a little grain, and in poultry farming only grain. The development of rabbit breeding in our time requires a reliable infrastructure that connects supply and demand, processing, technological and veterinary services. In addition, all rabbit breeders must be united in a single organization. This article examines the effect of Ked and LBA preparations on the reproductive qualities of rabbits. The positive effect of drugs on multiple pregnancies, the weight of rabbits and safety has been experimentally proven.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/677/5/052085/pdf

N. T. Rasskazova

Papers

Productivity of rabbits when using the drug “KED+LBA” in their diets

The effectiveness of experimental herbal preparations in organic animal husbandry