Nagako Okuda

TL;DR: The existence of higher stroke rates and lower CHD rates in Asian countries than in Western countries and the respective risk factors for this are discussed on the basis of extensive reviews of cohort studies and whether these risk factors differ from those of Western countries are discussed.

TL;DR: To avoid excess sodium intake in Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States, salt must be reduced in commercially processed foods.

TL;DR: Comparing nutrient intakes among Chinese, Japanese, UK, and US INTERMAP samples, and assessing possible relationships of dietary patterns to differential patterns of cardiovascular diseases between East Asian and Western countries found that both dietary patterns have aspects that can be regarded as adverse and protective in relation to the major adult cardiovascular diseases.

TL;DR: Dietary quality control procedures yielded data generally indicative of high quality performance in the four countries, and use of tape recorded dietary interviews contributed to quality control, despite feasibility problems, deemed remediable by protocol modification.

TL;DR: Levels of several, especially lipid, CHD risk factors were generally lower in Japan in Japan than in Japanese in Hawaii, and differences were smaller for women than men between Japan and Hawaii, which may partly explain lower CHD incidence and mortality inJapan than Western industrialized countries.