Author
Nagarethinam Kannan
Bio: Nagarethinam Kannan is an academic researcher from Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College. The author has contributed to research in topics: Adsorption & Activated carbon. The author has an hindex of 6, co-authored 9 publications receiving 1884 citations.
Papers
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TL;DR: In this article, the kinetics and mechanism of methylene blue adsorption on commercial activated carbon and indigenously prepared activated carbons from bamboo dust, coconut shell, groundnut shell, rice husk, and straw, have been studied.
1,762 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of various experimental parameters has been investigated by following batchadsorption technique at 30 ± 1 °C and the results showed that the percentage removal of dye increased with the decrease in initial concentration, initial pH of the dye solution and particle size of IPACs and increase in contact time and dose of adsorbent.
Abstract: Studies on the removal of Congo Red (CR) by adsorption on variousactivated carbons [commercial activated carbon (CAC) and indigenously prepared activated carbons(IPACs) from raw materialslike bamboo dust, coconut shell, groundnut shell, rice husk, and straw] have beencarried out with an aim to obtain information on treating effluents from dye/textile industries. The effect of various experimental parameters has been investigated by following batchadsorption technique at 30 ± 1 °C. The percentage removal of dye increased with the decrease in initial concentration, initial pH of the dye solution and particle size of IPACs and increase in contact time and dose of adsorbent. Adsorption data were modelled with the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms and first order kinetic equations such asNatarajan and Khalaf, Lagergren, Bhattacharya and Venkbachar equations and intra-particle diffusion model and the models werefound to be applicable. The kinetics of adsorption is observed tobe first order with intra-particle diffusion as one of the rate determining steps. Removal of dye using IPACs is found to be favourable and hence, IPACs could be considered as alternatives to CAC for the treatment of textile effluents, especially for theremoval of dye(s).
151 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the results of the studies on adsorption of Cd2+ ions from simulated wastewater were compared with that of CAC and Tulsion CXO-9(H), a commercial ion exchange resin/cationic resin (CR).
Abstract: Studies on the removal of cadmium(II) ions from aqueous solutions by adsorption on various activated carbons [commercial activated carbon (CAC) and chemically prepared activated carbons (CPACs) from raw materials such as straw, saw dust and datesnut] have been carried out with an aim to obtain information on treating effluents containing Cd(II) ions. Factors influencing the adsorption of Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution by ACs have been investigated by following a batch adsorption technique at 30± 1 ∘C. The percentage removal increased with decrease in initial concentration and particle size of CPACs and an increase in contact time, dose and initial pH of the solution. Adsorption process was inhibited by the added electrolytes. The adsorption data were fitted with the Langmuir, Dubinim–Radushkevich and Freundlich isotherms and first-order kinetic equations viz., first-order, Lagergren and Bhattacharya–Venkobachar equations and intra-particle diffusion model. The kinetics of adsorption is first order with intra-particle diffusion as one of the rate determining steps. Thermodynamic parameters were obtained from equilibrium constants measured at 30, 35 and 40 ∘C (Error = ± 1 ∘C). Results of the studies on adsorption of Cd2+ ions from simulated wastewater were compared with that of CAC and Tulsion CXO-9(H), a commercial ion exchange resin/cationic resin (CR). Straw carbon showed the maximum adsorption capacity towards Cd2+ ions and a high value of rate constant of adsorption. Straw carbon is an alternative low-cost adsorbent to CAC.
69 citations
TL;DR: The optimum process parameters for maximum adsorption of Ni2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+ were obtained by this procedure.
Abstract: Optimisation of process parameters for adsorption of metal ions viz., Cu2+, Cd2+ and Ni2+ ions on Straw Carbon (SC) was carried out by using Box-Behnken statistics and analysis of variance methods. Response surface methodology with three levels of initial pH (4, 5, 6), dose (8, 10, 12 gl-1) and particle size (0.075, 0.090, 0.106m micron) were used in the identification of significance of the effects and interactions in adsorption studies. Response surface methodology requires no assumption and identifies the principal experimental variables and their interactions which have the greatest effect on adsorption. The optimum process parameters for maximum adsorption of Ni2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+ were obtained by this procedure.
36 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the ability of flyash activated carbon (AC) prepared from raw materials such as wood, ricehusk, coconut shell, groundnut shell and bamboo dust to adsorb acetic acid (AA) from water has been studied.
Abstract: The ability of flyash‐activated carbon (AC) ‐ prepared from raw materials such as wood, ricehusk, coconut shell, groundnut shell and bamboo dust and commercial activated carbon (CAC) to adsorb acetic acid (AA) from water has been studied. The percentage of AA adsorbed increased with decrease in initial concentration of AA and particle size of the adsorbent and increased with the increase in contact time and adsorbent dosage. Flyash blended with wood carbon was found to have the maximum sorption potential. The adsorption process followed a first order kinetics and the data was modelled with Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms. Natarajan and Khalaf, Lagergren, Bhattacharya and Venkobachar and intraparticle diffusion equations were found applicable. From a comparative account of the adsorptive capacity of various flyash blends it was obvious that the flyash‐AC blends show a significant affinity and capacity compared to CAC in the removal of acetic acid from water. There seems to be good sco...
17 citations
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TL;DR: It is evident from a literature survey of about 210 recent papers that low-cost sorbents have demonstrated outstanding removal capabilities for certain dyes, and chitosan might be a promising adsorbent for environmental and purification purposes.
3,906 citations
TL;DR: From a comprehensive literature review, it was found that some LCAs, in addition to having wide availability, have fast kinetics and appreciable adsorption capacities too.
3,163 citations
TL;DR: An extensive list of various adsorbents such as natural materials, waste materials from industry, agricultural by-products, and biomass based activated carbon in the removal of various dyes has been compiled here.
2,979 citations
TL;DR: It is evident from a literature survey of about 185 recently published papers that low-cost adsorbents have demonstrated outstanding removal capabilities for MB, and these include agricultural wastes, industrial solid wastes, biomass, clays minerals and zeolites.
2,493 citations
TL;DR: The present paper describes fundamentals, advantages and limitations of the Box-Behnken design for the optimization of analytical methods, and establishes also a comparison between this design and composite central, three-level full factorial and Doehlert designs.
2,177 citations