Showing papers by "Nalini K. Ratha published in 2005"

The relation between the ROC curve and the CMC

Abstract: The cumulative match curve (CMC) is used as a measure of 1: m identification system performance. It judges the ranking capabilities of an identification system. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) of a verification system, on the other hand, expresses the quality of a 1:1 matcher. The ROC plots the false accept rate (FAR) of a 1:1 matcher versus the false reject rate (FRR) of the matcher. We show that the CMC is also related to the FAR and FRR of a 1:1 matcher, i.e., the matcher that is used to rank the candidates by sorting the scores. This has as a consequence that when a 1:1 matcher is used for identification, that is, for sorting match scores from high to low, the CMC does not offer any additional information beyond the FAR and FRR curves. The CMC is just another way of displaying the data and can be computed from the FAR and FRR.

Impact of singular point detection on fingerprint matching performance

Abstract: A majority of the minutiae based fingerprint verification algorithms rely on explicit or implicit alignment of the minutiae points for matching the two prints. With no prior knowledge about point correspondences, this becomes a combinatorial problem. Global features of the fingerprints such as the core and delta points represent intrinsic points of reference that can be used to align the two prints and reduce the computational complexity of the matcher. However, automatic extraction of singular points is usually error prone and is therefore not used by existing matchers. But, a systematic study of the impact on matching performance when core/delta points are available has not been done to date. In this paper, we explore the effects of the availability of reliable core and delta points on speed and accuracy of a matching algorithm. Towards this end, we present significant improvements to core and delta point detection algorithm based on complex filtering principles originally proposed by Nilsson et al., (2005). We also present a modified graph based matching algorithm that can run in O(n) time when the reference points are available. We analyse the resulting improvement in computational complexity and present experimental evaluation over FVC2002 database. We show that there is upto 43% improvement (70.2 ms to 39.8 ms) in average verification time and almost no loss in accuracy when reliable core and delta points are used.

Novel Approaches for Minutiae Verification in Fingerprint Images

Abstract: A majority of the existing fingerprint recognition algorithms are based on matching minutia features. Therefore, minutiae extraction is one of the critical steps in fingerprint verification algorithms. Poor quality fingerprint images lead to missing and spurious minutiae that degrade the performance of the matching system. We propose two new techniques for minutiae verification based on non-trivial gray level features. The proposed features intuitively represent the structural properties of the minutiae neighborhood leading to better classification. We use directionally selective steerable wedge filters to differentiate between minutiae and non-minutiae neighborhoods. We also propose a second technique based on Gabor expansion that results in even better discrimination. We present an objective evaluation of both the algorithms.

Audio- and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication : 5th International Conference, AVBPA 2005, Hilton Rye Town, NY, USA, July 20-22, 2005. Proceedings

Abstract: Iris.- Iris Recognition at a Distance.- Iris Recognition Using Fourier-Wavelet Features.- Specific Texture Analysis for Iris Recognition.- A Study on Iris Image Restoration.- Face I (Short).- Eye Perturbation Approach for Robust Recognition of Inaccurately Aligned Faces.- On Combining Textural and Geometrical Scores for Discriminative Face Authentication.- A One Bit Facial Asymmetry Code (FAC) in Fourier Domain for Human Recognition.- Face Recognition with the Multiple Constrained Mutual Subspace Method.- A Flexible Object Model for Recognising and Synthesising Facial Expressions.- Face Reconstruction Across Different Poses and Arbitrary Illumination Conditions.- Stepwise Reconstruction of High-Resolution Facial Image Based on Interpolated Morphable Face Model.- Illumination Invariant Face Recognition Using Linear Combination of Face Exemplars.- Video-Based Face Recognition Using Bayesian Inference Model.- Finger-I (Short).- A Hybrid Swipe Fingerprint Mosaicing Scheme.- A Study on Multi-unit Fingerprint Verification.- A Fingerprint Authentication System Based on Mobile Phone.- Fingerprint Quality Indices for Predicting Authentication Performance.- Registration of Fingerprints by Complex Filtering and by 1D Projections of Orientation Images.- A Feature Map Consisting of Orientation and Inter-ridge Spacing for Fingerprint Retrieval.- A Graph Matching Based Approach to Fingerprint Classification Using Directional Variance.- Fingerprint Singular Points Detection and Direction Estimation with a "T" Shape Model.- Face-I.- Face Detection Based on the Manifold.- Local and Global Feature Extraction for Face Recognition.- Video-Based Face Recognition Using Earth Mover's Distance.- Face Recognition Based on Recursive Bayesian Fusion of Multiple Signals and Results from Expert Classifier Sets.- Fingerprint.- Principal Deformations of Fingerprints.- Fingerprint Mosaicking by Rolling and Sliding.- Minutiae Matching Based Fingerprint Verification Using Delaunay Triangulation and Aligned-Edge-Guided Triangle Matching.- Security and Smartcard.- An Asymmetric Fingerprint Matching Algorithm for Java CardTM.- Scenario Based Performance Optimisation in Face Verification Using Smart Cards.- Characterization, Similarity Score and Uniqueness Associated with Perspiration Pattern.- Fuzzy Vault for Fingerprints.- Short Oral.- Infrared Face Recognition by Using Blood Perfusion Data.- On Finding Differences Between Faces.- Face Detection Using Look-Up Table Based Gentle AdaBoost.- Post-processing on LDA's Discriminant Vectors for Facial Feature Extraction.- An Integrated Prediction Model for Biometrics.- Active Shape Models with Invariant Optimal Features (IOF-ASMs).- Palmprint Authentication Using Time Series.- Ear Biometrics by Force Field Convergence.- Short Oral-4.- Towards Scalable View-Invariant Gait Recognition: Multilinear Analysis for Gait.- Combining Verification Decisions in a Multi-vendor Environment.- Gait Recognition by Combining Classifiers Based on Environmental Contexts.- Addressing the Vulnerabilities of Likelihood-Ratio-Based Face Verification.- Practical Biometric Authentication with Template Protection.- A Study of Brute-Force Break-ins of a Palmprint Verification System.- Modification of Intersession Variability in On-Line Signature Verifier.- MOC via TOC Using a Mobile Agent Framework.- Fusion.- Improving Fusion with Margin-Derived Confidence in Biometric Authentication Tasks.- A Classification Approach to Multi-biometric Score Fusion.- A Generic Protocol for Multibiometric Systems Evaluation on Virtual and Real Subjects.- Multi-modal.- Multi-biometrics 2D and 3D Ear Recognition.- Biometric Authentication System Using Reduced Joint Feature Vector of Iris and Face.- An On-Line Signature Verification System Based on Fusion of Local and Global Information.- Human Recognition at a Distance in Video by Integrating Face Profile and Gait.- 50 - 5:50 Oral-7 (Palm and Finger Surface).- Identity Verification Utilizing Finger Surface Features.- Palmprint Authentication Based on Orientation Code Matching.- A Novel Palm-Line Detector.- Speaker and Gait.- A New On-Line Model Quality Evaluation Method for Speaker Verification.- Improving Speaker Verification Using ALISP-Based Specific GMMs.- Multimodal Speaker Verification Using Ear Image Features Extracted by PCA and ICA.- Modelling the Time-Variant Covariates for Gait Recognition.- Face II.- Robust Face Recognition Using Advanced Correlation Filters with Bijective-Mapping Preprocessing.- Photometric Normalisation for Face Verification.- Experimental Evaluation of Eye Location Accuracies and Time-Lapse Effects on Face Recognition Systems.- Experiments in Mental Face Retrieval.- Poster I.- Fingerprint Image Segmentation Based on Quadric Surface Model.- A Fingerprint Matching Algorithm Based on Radial Structure and a Structure-Rewarding Scoring Strategy.- A Novel Algorithm for Distorted Fingerprint Matching Based on Fuzzy Features Match.- Minutiae Quality Scoring and Filtering Using a Neighboring Ridge Structural Analysis on a Thinned Fingerprint Image.- Hardware-Software Codesign of a Fingerprint Identification Algorithm.- Fingerprint Matching Using the Distribution of the Pairwise Distances Between Minutiae.- A Layered Fingerprint Recognition Method.- Super-template Generation Using Successive Bayesian Estimation for Fingerprint Enrollment.- Secure Fingerprint Matching with External Registration.- Palmprint Recognition Using Fourier-Mellin Transformation Based Registration Method.- Parametric Versus Non-parametric Models of Driving Behavior Signals for Driver Identification.- Performance Evaluation and Prediction for 3D Ear Recognition.- Optimal User Weighting Fusion in DWT Domain On-Line Signature Verification.- Gait Recognition Using Spectral Features of Foot Motion.- VALID: A New Practical Audio-Visual Database, and Comparative Results.- Audio-Visual Speaker Identification via Adaptive Fusion Using Reliability Estimates of Both Modalities.- Speaker Identification Using the VQ-Based Discriminative Kernels.- Exploiting Glottal Information in Speaker Recognition Using Parallel GMMs.- Biometric Recognition Using Feature Selection and Combination.- Evaluation of Biometric Identification in Open Systems.- Exploring Similarity Measures for Biometric Databases.- Indexing Biometric Databases Using Pyramid Technique.- Classification Enhancement via Biometric Pattern Perturbation.- Calculation of a Composite DET Curve.- Privacy Operating Characteristic for Privacy Protection in Surveillance Applications.- Poster II.- Headprint - Person Reacquisition Using Visual Features of Hair in Overhead Surveillance Video.- A Survey of 3D Face Recognition Methods.- Influences of Image Disturbances on 2D Face Recognition.- Local Feature Based 3D Face Recognition.- Fusion of Appearance and Depth Information for Face Recognition.- Gabor Feature Based Classification Using 2D Linear Discriminant Analysis for Face Recognition.- Multi-resolution Histograms of Local Variation Patterns (MHLVP) for Robust Face Recognition.- Analysis of Response Performance Characteristics for Identification Using a Matching Score Generation Model.- Pose Invariant Face Recognition Under Arbitrary Illumination Based on 3D Face Reconstruction.- Discriminant Analysis Based on Kernelized Decision Boundary for Face Recognition.- A Probabilistic Approach to Semantic Face Retrieval System.- Authenticating Corrupted Facial Images on Stand-Alone DSP System.- Evaluation of 3D Face Recognition Using Registration and PCA.- Dynamic Approach for Face Recognition Using Digital Image Skin Correlation.- Rank-Based Decision Fusion for 3D Shape-Based Face Recognition.- Robust Active Shape Model Construction and Fitting for Facial Feature Localization.- Comparative Assessment of Content-Based Face Image Retrieval in Different Color Spaces.- A Principled Approach to Score Level Fusion in Multimodal Biometric Systems.- A Score-Level Fusion Benchmark Database for Biometric Authentication.- Fusion for Multimodal Biometric Identification.- Between-Source Modelling for Likelihood Ratio Computation in Forensic Biometric Recognition.- The Effectiveness of Generative Attacks on an Online Handwriting Biometric.- Vulnerabilities in Biometric Encryption Systems.- Securing Electronic Medical Records Using Biometric Authentication.- A Novel Approach to Combining Client-Dependent and Confidence Information in Multimodal Biometrics.

Fingerprint biometric machine

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus, method, and program storage device for representing biometrics. The apparatus includes a biometric feature extractor and a transformer. The biometric feature extractor is for extracting features corresponding to a biometric depicted in an image, and for defining one or more sets of one or more geometric shapes by one or more of the features. Each of the one or more geometric shapes has one or more geometric features that is invariant with respect to a first set of transforms applied to at least a portion of the image. The transformer is for applying the first set of transforms to the at least a portion of the image to obtain one or more feature representations that include one or more of the one or more geometric features, and for applying a second set of transforms to the one or more feature representations to obtain one or more transformed feature representations.