Nameer N. El-Emam

Bio: Nameer N. El-Emam is an academic researcher from Philadelphia University (Jordan). The author has contributed to research in topics: Steganography & Image segmentation. The author has an hindex of 6, co-authored 7 publications receiving 311 citations. Previous affiliations of Nameer N. El-Emam include Philadelphia University.

Hiding a Large Amount of Data with High Security Using Steganography Algorithm

Abstract: This study deals with constructing and implementing new algorithm based on hiding a large amount of data (image, audio, text) file into color BMP image. We have been used adaptive image filtering and adaptive image segmentation with bits replacement on the appropriate pixels. These pixels are selected randomly rather than sequentially by using new concept defined by main cases with their sub cases for each byte in one pixel. This concept based on both visual and statistical. According to the steps of design, we have been concluded 16 main cases with their sub cases that cover all aspects of the input data into color bitmap image. High security layers have been proposed through three layers to make it difficult to break through the encryption of the input data and confuse steganalysis too. Our results against statistical and visual attacks are discussed and make comparison with the previous Steganography algorithms like S-Tools. We show that our algorithm can embed efficiently a large amount of data that has been reached to 75% of the image size with high quality of the output.

A novel algorithm for colour image steganography using a new intelligent technique based on three phases

Abstract: Steganography architecture with seven security layers. New steganography algorithm.Proposed new intelligent technique.Proposed seven layers of security.Extract byte characteristics.Construct image segmentation. A three-phase intelligent technique has been constructed to improve the data-hiding algorithm in colour images with imperceptibility. The first phase of the learning system (LS) has been applied in advance, whereas the other phases have been applied after the hiding process. The first phase has been constructed to estimate the number of bits to be hidden at each pixel (NBH); this phase is based on adaptive neural networks with an adaptive genetic algorithm using upwind adaptive relaxation (LSANN_AGAUpAR1). The LS of the second phase (LSANN_AGAUpAR2) has been introduced as a detector to check the performance of the proposed steganographic algorithm by creating a rich images model from available cover and stego images. The LS of the last phase (LSCANN_AGAUpAR3) has been implemented through three steps, and it is based on a concurrent approach to improve the stego image and defend against attacks. The adaptive image filtering and adaptive image segmentation algorithms have been introduced to randomly hide a compressed and encrypted secret message into a cover image. The NBH for each pixel has been estimated cautiously using 32 principle situations (PS) with their 6 branch situations (BS). These situations have been worked through seven layers of security to augment protection from attacks. In this paper, hiding algorithms have been produced to fight three types of attacks: visual, structural, and statistical attacks. The simulation results have been discussed and compared with new literature using data hiding algorithms for colour images. The results of the proposed algorithm can efficiently embed a large quantity of data, up to 12bpp (bits per pixel), with better image quality.

Embedding a Large Amount of Information Using High Secure Neural Based Steganography Algorithm

Abstract: In this paper, we construct and implement a new Steganography algorithm based on learning system to hide a large amount of information into color BMP image. We have used adaptive image filtering and adaptive non-uniform image segmentation with bits replacement on the appropriate pixels. These pixels are selected randomly rather than sequentially by using new concept defined by main cases with sub cases for each byte in one pixel. According to the steps of design, we have been concluded 16 main cases with their sub cases that covere all aspects of the input information into color bitmap image. High security layers have been proposed through four layers of security to make it difficult to break the encryption of the input information and confuse steganalysis too. Learning system has been introduces at the fourth layer of security through neural network. This layer is used to increase the difficulties of the statistical attacks. Our results against statistical and visual attacks are discussed before and after using the learning system and we make comparison with the previous Steganography algorithm. We show that our algorithm can embed efficiently a large amount of information that has been reached to 75% of the image size (replace 18 bits for each pixel as a maximum) with high quality of the output.

Image steganography in spatial domain: A survey

Abstract: This paper presents a literature review of image steganography techniques in the spatial domain for last 5 years. The research community has already done lots of noteworthy research in image steganography. Even though it is interesting to highlight that the existing embedding techniques may not be perfect, the objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive survey and to highlight the pros and cons of existing up-to-date techniques for researchers that are involved in the designing of image steganographic system. In this article, the general structure of the steganographic system and classifications of image steganographic techniques with its properties in spatial domain are exploited. Furthermore, different performance matrices and steganalysis detection attacks are also discussed. The paper concludes with recommendations and good practices drawn from the reviewed techniques.

Image steganography techniques: an overview

Abstract: Steganography - the art and science of hiding information has received much attention in the recent years. It can also be defined as the study of invisible communication that usually involves communication of secret data in an appropriate carrier, e.g., image, audio, video or TCP/IP header file. Many different carrier file formats can be used, but digital images are the most popular because of their frequency on the Internet. The main goal of steganography is to ensure that the transmitted message is completely masked, thereby ensuring that the message is accessible only to the intended receiver and does not attract attention from eavesdroppers and attackers. This paper is an attempt to study the various techniques use in steganography and provide a general overview of different algorithms of image steganography. There exists a large variety of steganography techniques

CISSKA-LSB: color image steganography using stego key-directed adaptive LSB substitution method

Abstract: Information hiding is an active area of research where secret information is embedded in innocent-looking carriers such as images and videos for hiding its existence while maintaining their visual quality. Researchers have presented various image steganographic techniques since the last decade, focusing on payload and image quality. However, there is a trade-off between these two metrics and keeping a better balance between them is still a challenging issue. In addition, the existing methods fail to achieve better security due to direct embedding of secret data inside images without encryption consideration, making data extraction relatively easy for adversaries. Therefore, in this work, we propose a secure image steganographic framework based on stego key-directed adaptive least significant bit (SKA-LSB) substitution method and multi-level cryptography. In the proposed scheme, stego key is encrypted using a two-level encryption algorithm (TLEA); secret data is encrypted using a multi-level encryption algorithm (MLEA), and the encrypted information is then embedded in the host image using an adaptive LSB substitution method, depending on secret key, red channel, MLEA, and sensitive contents. The quantitative and qualitative experimental results indicate that the proposed framework maintains a better balance between image quality and security, achieving a reasonable payload with relatively less computational complexity, which confirms its effectiveness compared to other state-of-the-art techniques.

Visual cryptographic steganography in images

Abstract: In today's information age, information sharing and transfer has increased exponentially. The threat of an intruder accessing secret information has been an ever existing concern for the data communication experts. Cryptography and steganography are the most widely used techniques to overcome this threat. Cryptography involves converting a message text into an unreadable cipher. On the other hand, steganography embeds message into a cover media and hides its existence. Both these techniques provide some security of data neither of them alone is secure enough for sharing information over an unsecure communication channel and are vulnerable to intruder attacks. Although these techniques are often combined together to achieve higher levels of security but still there is a need of a highly secure system to transfer information over any communication media minimizing the threat of intrusion. In this paper we propose an advanced system of encrypting data that combines the features of cryptography, steganography along with multimedia data hiding. This system will be more secure than any other these techniques alone and also as compared to steganography and cryptography combined systems Visual steganography is one of the most secure forms of steganography available today. It is most commonly implemented in image files. However embedding data into image changes its color frequencies in a predictable way. To overcome this predictability, we propose the concept of multiple cryptography where the data will be encrypted into a cipher and the cipher will be hidden into a multimedia image file in encrypted format. We shall use traditional cryptographic techniques to achieve data encryption and visual steganography algorithms will be used to hide the encrypted data.