Nameesha Chauhan

Bio: Nameesha Chauhan is an academic researcher from Gautam Buddha University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Azadirachta & Artificial neural network. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 3 publications receiving 2 citations.

The effect of Azadirachta Indica extract on the soil nutrients and the NPK value determination by electrochemical sensor

Abstract: The soil macro nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorous & potassium) are necessary components for good healthy crops. The utilization of monetary NPK fertilizers has subsidized to excellent and exceptional increase in production of crops which provide food for the population. Nowadays immoderate use of the fertilizers has done corrosion of both land and ground water. The operation rates must be modified by building upon estimation of the necessities. Fettle soil configures the base of the ecology everywhere which intern leads to the production of healthy crops. Maintaining soil fertility requires a lot of management, caution, awareness and vigilance from farmers. Recently, degradation in total productivity and growth rates of major crop is realized due to declining in the efficiency of nutrient leading to fall in soil fertility.1 Factors for the declining of soil may include nutrient demand, declining in organic matter contents, excessive use of synthetic imbalanced fertilizers over a long period of time which leads to high nutrient turnover in soilplant system, emerging deficiencies of secondary micro nutrients, nutrient leaching, removal of fertile top layer of soil due to flooding, fixation problems, soil pollution and acidity, other mineral deficiencies etc.1 Thus, to enhance and ensure production of crops a real time tests for the detection of soil nutrients is needed so that prevention of degradation of soil can be achieved. Here, we have given a detailed report on the use of wireless based sensor technology to establish a require scale of soil nutrients. A consequent amount of energy is wasted in the excessive employment of fertilizers, chemicals waste which can be reduced by the use of organic matter up to a minimum amount by 70%.1 The extended use of this sensor technology can be globally used in farming for the far-flung productivity of crops and observe and detect the materialistic state as well as the chemical state of the soil. Numerous sensors are known which performs distinct tasks in soil like chemical monitoring, moisture monitoring and monitoring of water quality etc. This technology here senses the soil macro nutrient composition in real time and a timely observation is kept on the soil as per the measured deficit or excess chemical condition, by applying the suitable organic fertilizer compost. Azadirachta indica tree is native to India and is easily available. It is biodegradable thus, a great deal of is added with other fertilizers. Thus, enhancing productivity of soil as it encourages nitrification. Since, this compound is free of heavy metals thus it protecting agricultural crops and best for soil use and also its decomposition prevents the development of pathogenic fungi. It decomposes in soil homogenously and slowly which leads to the nutrient consumption by soil in steady and uniform manner which establish the persistent growth of crops growing during a season. Azadirachta indica extracts are most cost efficient as the nutrient value in its lasts longer. It can also be available in the form of powder, granules or pellets. The Azadirachta indica extracts helps the soil to effectively maintain the soil nutrient level before the next season comes for crop plantation as it is sustainable organic matter in long run. The soil amendment is always two-fold. It helps to yield a better crop as it serves the nutrients as per the crop requirement. Also, it reduces the nematodes and growth of other harmful plant pathogens thereby diminishing crop diseases. The Azadirachta indica extracts

Model of Smart Gas Sensor with the Application of Neural Network for the detection of Gases in Active Environment

Abstract: A highly intelligent model of Metal Oxide Gas Sensor (MOX) is designed which is extensively involved in gas detection which is used to avoid the accidents. Even though it possesses an asset of being highly sensitive, it inevitably faces problems like environmental effects and selectivity. In this paper, an Artificial Neural Network technique is presented to eliminate the disadvantages. To achieve this, a Model is designed. The Model accordingly provides a linear response to the sensor's characteristics to remove parameters affecting the environment. TGS822 is a model of the gas sensor by Figaro Engineering which is utilized here. MATLAB environment is used for the linearization of results. The database is selected in a manner that can be efficiently implemented on the electrical simulated model.

Design and Implementation of the TGS822 Corrector

Abstract: In this paper, a correction to the nonlinear characteristics of the response of the Metal Oxide Gas Sensor (MOX) is provided. The self-regulating model here is known as Corrector. The gas sensor used in this paper is TGS822. It involuntary linearizes the sensor characteristics features by eliminating its reliance on the environmental parameters. For the design purpose, MATLAB environment is used. The discrimination of the gases done here is air, methane, ethanol, carbon monoxide and acetone.

Modified Accurate Dispersion Characteristics with field restricted current density distribution for Open Rectangular Planar Tape Helix

Abstract: A rectangular open tape helix is analysed for its dispersion characteristics by deriving the dispersion equations that restrict the fields within the tape helix region by incorporating a confinement function. The dispersion equations are derived by applying the accurate boundary conditions to one-quarter of the structure in axial and transverse directions owing to the symmetricity of the rectangular helical waveguide. The dispersion characteristics are numerically computed from an infinite number of simultaneous equations. The computed characteristics is compared with the theoretical model of sheath helix consisting of only the fundamental harmonics. Plotted dispersion characteristics reveals the potential usability of such devices as compact traveling wave tubes by miniaturization and can be printed.

Simulation of Small Signal Characteristics of Open Planar Tape Helix Slow Wave Structure with Straight Edge Rectangular Connections

Abstract: Dispersion characteristics of a Planar Tape Helix (PTH) slow-wave structure (SWS) composed of the planar helix with rectangular straight-edge connections are performed. The PTH consists of a set of parallel conducting lines in the transverse and longitudinal directions. A simulation study was conducted to analyze and compare the dispersion characteristics of the open PTH-SWS for rectangular straight-edge connections using the 3-D simulation tool CST microwave studio (CST-MWS). The simulated results obtained using the Eigenmode solver of the CST is compared with the numerically computed characteristics. For the PTH-SWS considered, the performance metrices such as the phase velocity, dispersion characteristics, and intrinsic impedances are simulated. The outcome of the present study exhibits results of rectangular straight edge type PTH for use in millimeter-wave frequency ranges. The results of this work will lead to the development of millimeter-wave PTH SWS that can be fabricated.

Design and Implementation of the TGS822 Corrector

Abstract: In this paper, a correction to the nonlinear characteristics of the response of the Metal Oxide Gas Sensor (MOX) is provided. The self-regulating model here is known as Corrector. The gas sensor used in this paper is TGS822. It involuntary linearizes the sensor characteristics features by eliminating its reliance on the environmental parameters. For the design purpose, MATLAB environment is used. The discrimination of the gases done here is air, methane, ethanol, carbon monoxide and acetone.

Real-time Estimation of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium in Soil

Abstract: Nitrogen (N), Phosphorous (P), and Potassium (K) are considered the most important nutrients and are essential components in the soil affecting the growth and yield of crops. For optimal growth of the plant, the nutrients N, P, and K present in the soil must be in a balanced proportion. However, based on the parent material (like sand, peat, and clay), climatic conditions, and the differences in the past management of the crop residues and the use of fertilizers, the farmers need to know the accurate proportions of N, P, and K to maximize the crop growth, production, and yield. Therefore, its measurement to maintain an accurate balance is crucial. In this paper, two methods to estimate N, P, and K in the soil are proposed which can provide results in real-time without the need for any chemicals. The first method makes use of electrical conductivity and pH sensors to measure these parameters from the soil and uses machine learning techniques to estimate the N, P, and K values. The second method makes use of optical sensors to measure the amount of light absorbed and reflected by the soil and uses regression techniques to estimate N, P, and K. In both cases, the N, P, and K values are classified into different classes. We obtain more than 75% accuracy in both cases. A hand-held electronic device to measure N, P and K can be easily designed using these techniques. The proposed schemes can optimize fertilizer usage as well as assist farmers in an economical and efficient crop yield.

Journey of Agricultural Sensors—From Conventional to Ultra-Modern

Abstract: Agriculture has a major contribution to the evolution of human civilization. Owing to the rise of the human population, the demand for food increases simultaneously which requires the development of advanced techniques to augment food production. Sensors play a vital role in crop production and are used very successfully in almost all main sectors of agriculture. From the production to the consumers, sensors are used in every process. Monitoring the agronomic environment for several factors such as humidity, temperature, moisture, pH, salinity, and other factors will aid sustainable crop production. As a conventional approach to monitor these factors during farming, individuals are employed physically to check them at regular time intervals. Currently, the conscious employment of advanced technologies for significant improvement in the agronomic environment has increased. Collecting manual data for the desired environmental factors leads to irregular and incorrect measurements which will deviate from the actual values. Thus, leading to difficulties in controlling vital environmental factors. The best solution would be to use wireless distinctive sensor nodules which can minimize the time utilization and physical effort for monitoring the agronomical environment effectively. The data logging ensures the safety and security of the sorted data. Also, a possibility of engagement in dangerous situations without the need to put personnel would reduce the hazardous health risk. Hence, monitoring systems ensure faster response times to environmental factors, improved quality control of the produce, and a lower labor cost. Various factors affecting food production include temperature, moisture, atmospheric pressure, and level of ground water. Advanced technology would definitely be a great support for remote measurement of these vital factors. The aim of this chapter is to cover the most advanced and commonly used sensors in agriculture in all processes involved.

Temperature Dependency of TGS822 Model on PSPICE

Abstract: AbstractThe Metal Oxide Gas Sensor is one of the general, accessible choices for the detection of gases. Its high sensitivity nature makes it even more popular among the other choices. Here, TGS822 Model is implemented on the PSPICE to study its characteristics. In this work, by using PSPICE simulation we have presented novel FNN technique to show its dependency on temperature and concentration. The plots show the deviation in voltages that occurs due to change in various types of gas temperatures when the other factors such as relative humidity and concentration are kept constant.KeywordsTGS822PSPICETemperature dependency