Plant extract mediated synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles and its antibacterial activity against clinically isolated pathogens B Biointerfaces

The mechanisms and applications of chitosan and its derivatives in transdermal drug delivery to promote drug permeation were reviewed in this paper. Specifically, we summarized the permeation-promoting mechanisms of chitosan and several of its derivatives, including changing the structure of stratum corneum proteins, acting on the tight junction of granular layers, affecting intercellular lipids, and increasing the water content of stratum corneum. These mechanisms are the reason why chitosan and its derivatives can increase the transdermal permeation of drugs. In addition, various transdermal preparations containing chitosan and its derivatives were summarized, and their respective advantages were expounded, including nanoparticles, emulsions, transdermal microneedles, nanocapsules, transdermal patches, transdermal membranes, hydrogels, liposomes, and nano-stents. The purpose of this review is to provide a theoretical basis for the further and wider application of chitosan in transdermal drug delivery systems. In the future, research results of chitosan and its derivatives in transdermal drug delivery need more support from in vivo experiments, as well as good correlation between in vitro and in vivo experiments. In conclusion, the excellent permeability-promoting property, good biocompatibility, and biodegradability of chitosan and its derivatives make them ideal materials for local transdermal drug delivery.

/pdf/mechanism-and-application-of-chitosan-and-its-derivatives-in-1xx6hc5p.pdf

Mechanism and Application of Chitosan and Its Derivatives in Promoting Permeation in Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems: A Review

Gold nanoparticles and cancer: Detection, diagnosis and therapy.

Noble metal nanoparticles have been sought after in cancer nanomedicine during the past two decades, owing to the unique localized surface plasmon resonance that induces strong absorption and scattering properties of the nanoparticles. A popular application of noble metal nanoparticles is photothermal therapy, which destroys cancer cells by heat generated by laser irradiation of the nanoparticles. Gold nanorods have stood out as one of the major types of noble metal nanoparticles for photothermal therapy due to the facile tuning of their optical properties in the tissue penetrative near infrared region, strong photothermal conversion efficiency, and long blood circulation half-life after surface modification with stealthy polymers. In this review, we will summarize the optical properties of gold nanorods and their applications in photothermal therapy. We will also discuss the recent strategies to improve gold nanorod-assisted photothermal therapy through combination with chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy.

/pdf/gold-nanorod-assisted-photothermal-therapy-and-improvement-bw03m41s.pdf

Gold Nanorod-Assisted Photothermal Therapy and Improvement Strategies

Photothermal conversion and transfer in photothermal therapy: From macroscale to nanoscale.

Understanding and advancement in gold nanoparticle targeted photothermal therapy of cancer.

Transdermal drug delivery is used to deliver a drug by eliminating the first-pass metabolism, which increases the bioavailability of the drug. The present study aims to formulate the chitosan—tamarind seed polysaccharide composite films and evaluate for the delivery of protein/peptide molecules. Nine formulations were prepared and evaluated by using different parameters, such as physical appearance, folding endurance, thickness of film, surface pH, weight variation, drug content, surface morphology, percentage moisture intake and uptake, drug release kinetics, and drug permeability. The film weight variance was observed between 0.34 ± 0.002 to 0.47 ± 0.003 g. The drug level of the prepared films was found to be between 96 ± 1.21 and 98 ± 1.33μg. Their intake of moisture ranged between 2.83 ± 0.002 and 3.76 ± 0.001 (%). The moisture absorption of the films ranged from 5.33 ± 0.22 to 10.02 ± 0.61 (%). SEM images revealed a smooth film surface, while minor cracks were found in the film after permeation tests. During the first 4 days, drug release was between 13.75 ± 1.64% and 22.54 ± 1.34% and from day 5 to day 6, it was between 72.67 ± 2.13% and 78.33 ± 3.13%. Drug permeation during the first 4 days was 15.78 ± 1.23 %. Drug permeation (%) during the first 4 days was between 15.78 ± 1.23 and 22.49 ± 1.29 and from day 5 to day 6, it was between 71.49 ± 3.21 and 77.93 ± 3.20.

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/9/1531/pdf

Fabrication and Characterization of Chitosan-Tamarind Seed Polysaccharide Composite Film for Transdermal Delivery of Protein/Peptide.

Advancement in nanotechnology leads to the development of polysaccharides which are very effective carriers in carrying therapeutic ingredients like drugs, proteins, and genes. This review describes the role of polysaccharides and their derivatives in the cellular targeting of genetic materials for the treatment of various biological disorders. Applications, challenges, advantages, and disadvantages of polysaccharides used in gene delivery are discussed in the manuscript. Cationic and natural polysaccharides are generally used for RNA and DNA delivery and exhibit better performance in gene transfection. After a substantial literature survey, it can be concluded that different polysaccharides and their derivatives are effectively used in the delivery of genetic material. Natural polysaccharides are widely used due to their advantageous properties like biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low toxicity in the biological environment.

Delivery of Genetic Materials for the Management of Biological Disorders: Advancement and Roles of Polysaccharides and their Derivatives.

Organic or inorganic compounds are synthesized or formulated in a manner that they completely show their therapeutic actions like as a natural polysaccharide in the body. Polysaccharides, the major type of natural polymers, are efficiently biologically active, non-toxic, hydrophilic, and biodegradable and show various properties. In this manuscript, the main focus is on delivering anticancer drugs with the help of mimetic components of polysaccharides. All data collected for this manuscript was from PubMed, Elsevier, Taylor, and Francis Bentham science journals. Most chemotherapeutics are therapeutically toxin to the human body, have a narrow therapeutic index, sluggish pharmaceutical delivery mechanisms, and are poorly soluble in water. The use of mimetic components of polysaccharides leads to the enhancement of the solubility of drugs in the biological environment. The manuscript summarizes the use of mimetic components of polysaccharides along with anticancer agents which are capable to inhibit the growth of cancerous cells in the body which shows lesser adverse effects in the biological system compared to other therapies.

Nandan Gupta

Papers

Understanding and advancement in gold nanoparticle targeted photothermal therapy of cancer.

Fabrication and Characterization of Chitosan-Tamarind Seed Polysaccharide Composite Film for Transdermal Delivery of Protein/Peptide.

Delivery of Genetic Materials for the Management of Biological Disorders: Advancement and Roles of Polysaccharides and their Derivatives.

Role of Polysaccharides Mimetic Components in Targeted Cancer Treatment.