Fundamental statistics in psychology and education.

The present disclosure discloses an object position detector. The object position detector comprises a touch sensor formed as a closed loop and having a physical constraint formed on an upper surface of the touch sensor and coextensive with the closed loop. The touch sensor is configured to sense motion of an object proximate to the closed loop. The object position detector also comprises a processor coupled to the touch sensor and is programmed to generate an action in response to the motion on the touch sensor.

Closed-loop sensor on a solid-state object position detector

A touch screen interface including a display screen, a touch sensor device, and a processor coupled to the display screen and the touch sensor is described. The touch sensor device is adapted to sense object motion in a sensing region that overlaps at least part of the display screen. The processor is adapted to cause a scroll wheel that indicates a scrolling path to appear on the display screen selectively, such as in response to the touch sensor sensing object motion that corresponds to a scrolling initiation gesture. The processor is further adapted to cause scrolling on a display screen selectively, such as in response to the touch sensor sensing subsequent object motion along the scrolling path after the touch sensor has sensed the object motion corresponding to the scrolling initiation gesture.

Graphical scroll wheel

Despite recent advances in authoring systems and tools, creating multimedia presentations remains a labor-intensive process. This paper describes a system for automatically constructing structured multimedia documents from live presentations. The automatically produced documents contain synchronized and edited audio, video, images, and text. Two essential problems, synchronization of captured data and automatic editing, are identified and solved.

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Passive capture and structuring of lectures

Mobile and wearable computers present input/output prob-lems due to limited screen space and interaction techniques. When mobile, users typically focus their visual attention on navigating their environment - making visually demanding interface designs hard to operate. This paper presents two multimodal interaction techniques designed to overcome these problems and allow truly mobile, 'eyes-free' device use. The first is a 3D audio radial pie menu that uses head gestures for selecting items. An evaluation of a range of different audio designs showed that egocentric sounds re-duced task completion time, perceived annoyance, and al-lowed users to walk closer to their preferred walking speed. The second is a sonically enhanced 2D gesture recognition system for use on a belt-mounted PDA. An evaluation of the system with and without audio feedback showed users' ges-tures were more accurate when dynamically guided by au-dio-feedback. These novel interaction techniques demon-strate effective alternatives to visual-centric interface de-signs on mobile devices.

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Multimodal 'eyes-free' interaction techniques for wearable devices

MAD (Movie Authoring and Design) is a novel design and authoring system that facilitates the process of creating dynamic visual presentations such as motion pictures and lecture-demonstrations. MAD supports the process by enhancing the author's ability to structure and modify a presentation and to visualize the ultimate result. It does this by allowing both top-down design and bottom-up creation with a hierarchical multimedia document representation; by supporting the flexible inclusion and combination of words, images, sounds, and video sequences; and by providing realtime playback of the best approximation to the ultimate presentation that can be produced at any stage of the design process.

MAD represents a paradigm shift from traditional methods of authoring and producing motion pictures. Its development therefore requires in-depth observation of a variety of users working on a variety of filmmaking projects. After describing the key concepts underlying MAD and the current, second-generation prototype software, we describe a number of interesting applications of MAD. In doing so, we review how we have worked with users in an iterative design process and how studies of the work of these users have informed key design issues.

A multimedia system for authoring motion pictures

Today’s GUI interfaces require considerable visual attention for their operation. Consequently, interface events use up precious screen real estate and disenfranchise blind users from current software usage. If interfaces move to the realm of auditory and tactile designs, these problems are mitigated. However, it is not clear how much useful HCI research, particularly performance time models, will transfer from the visual to the non-visual. This paper attempts to answer a small part of this question by considering performance time models for menu selection in a non-visual bullseye menu. We chose to study non-visual bullseye menus because we have found them to be highly useful in non-visual interfaces: they can serve as effective non-visual replacements for several visual linear menus.

Bullseye! when Fitts' law doesn't fit

MAD (Movie Authoring and Design) is a novel design and authoring system that facilitates the process of creating dynamic visual presentations. MAD aids this process by simultaneously allowing easy creation and modification of structured motion pictures and visualization of the result of the modifications. The principles behind MAD include hierarchical multimedia document representation, the flexible inclusion and combination of words, images, sounds, and video sequences, and real-time playback of a rough version of the final film at any time in the process. MAD represents a paradigm shift both from traditional methods of authoring and producing motion pictures and from modem multimedia authoring tools. Its development therefore required in-depth observation of a variety of users working on a variety of film-making projects. This demonstration will present the key concepts underlying MAD, demonstrate the current, second-generation prototype software, and review how we have worked with users in an iterative design process and how studies of the work of these users have informed key design issues.

MAD: a movie authoring and design system

Standard GUIS today rely heavily on visual feedback. Nonvisual interfaces exist, but are far less common. Many human performance models which involve visual interfaces have been developed, such as Fitts' Law, but far fewer perfomance models have been developed for nonvisual interfaces. This thesis explores some possible rnodels of a nonvisual bullseye menu system. A bullseye menu is a series of concentric circles divided into sectors. We cal1 the region between two neighbouring concentric circles a ring. The category of choice is deterrnined by the direction in which a user moves the stylus or mouse from a relative origin, and menu item selection is detennined by the distance the user moves the stylus from the origin. If a nonvisual signal is emitted whenever the stylus is rolled over a circle, then the menu can be implemented nonvisually. We implemented the interface first with auditory feedback, using a simple beep, and then with tactile feedback, using a mechanism we created for this purpose. This thesis proposes models for performance time in nonvisual bullseye menus. We performed an experirnent to test these models. Results showed Fitts' Law predicted time to target less accurately than a model where performance time is a Iinear function of target's distance. The model was extended to include a representation of the dispersion of the results, in order to provide a more cornplete description of the data. We ran an analysis of variance on the data collected to see whether performance time was influenced by feedback mechanism, ring width, target direction and target ring. Finally, some qualitative results based on user preferences are given.

A Bullseye Menu With Sound Feedback.

Constructing a tactile feedback device can be expensive and often requires extensive expertise. We have created a simple tactile feedback device which can be built, for under $30, by anyone with a basic understanding of electronics. The results of subjects performing a simple pulse counting task suggest that the feedback generated by it can be used effectively. We therefore believe that the device has potential to enhance user interfaces.

Naomi Friedlander

Papers

A multimedia system for authoring motion pictures

Bullseye! when Fitts' law doesn't fit

MAD: a movie authoring and design system

A Bullseye Menu With Sound Feedback.

Easy tactile feedback at bargain basement prices