Naser Damer

Bio: Naser Damer is an academic researcher from Fraunhofer Society. The author has contributed to research in topics: Computer science & Facial recognition system. The author has an hindex of 18, co-authored 133 publications receiving 1336 citations. Previous affiliations of Naser Damer include Technische Universität Darmstadt & Kaiserslautern University of Technology.

Demographic Bias in Biometrics: A Survey on an Emerging Challenge

Abstract: Systems incorporating biometric technologies have become ubiquitous in personal, commercial, and governmental identity management applications. Both cooperative (e.g., access control) and noncooperative (e.g., surveillance and forensics) systems have benefited from biometrics. Such systems rely on the uniqueness of certain biological or behavioral characteristics of human beings, which enable for individuals to be reliably recognized using automated algorithms. Recently, however, there has been a wave of public and academic concerns regarding the existence of systemic bias in automated decision systems (including biometrics). Most prominently, face recognition algorithms have often been labeled as “racist” or “biased” by the media, nongovernmental organizations, and researchers alike. The main contributions of this article are: 1) an overview of the topic of algorithmic bias in the context of biometrics; 2) a comprehensive survey of the existing literature on biometric bias estimation and mitigation; 3) a discussion of the pertinent technical and social matters; and 4) an outline of the remaining challenges and future work items, both from technological and social points of view.

The 2nd competition on counter measures to 2D face spoofing attacks

Abstract: As a crucial security problem, anti-spoofing in biometrics, and particularly for the face modality, has achieved great progress in the recent years. Still, new threats arrive inform of better, more realistic and more sophisticated spoofing attacks. The objective of the 2nd Competition on Counter Measures to 2D Face Spoofing Attacks is to challenge researchers to create counter measures effectively detecting a variety of attacks. The submitted propositions are evaluated on the Replay-Attack database and the achieved results are presented in this paper.

MorGAN: Recognition Vulnerability and Attack Detectability of Face Morphing Attacks Created by Generative Adversarial Network

Abstract: Face morphing attacks aim at creating face images that are verifiable to be the face of multiple identities, which can lead to building faulty identity links in operations like border crossing. Research has been focused on creating more accurate attack detection approaches by considering different image properties. However, all the attacks considered so far are based on manipulating facial landmarks localized in the morphed face images. In contrast, this work presents novel face morphing attacks based on image generated by generative adversarial networks. We present the MorGAN structure that considers the representation loss to successfully create realistic morphing attacks. Based on that, we present a novel face morphing attacks database (MorGAN database) that contains 1000 morph images for both, the proposed MorGAN and landmark-based attacks. We present vulnerability analysis of two face recognition approaches facing the proposed attacks. Moreover, the detectability of the proposed MorGAN attacks is studied, in the scenarios where this type of attacks is know and un- known. We concluded with pointing out the challenge of detecting such unknown novel attacks and an analysis of detection performances of different features in detecting such attacks.

MIPGAN—Generating Strong and High Quality Morphing Attacks Using Identity Prior Driven GAN

Abstract: Face morphing attacks target to circumvent Face Recognition Systems (FRS) by employing face images derived from multiple data subjects (e.g., accomplices and malicious actors). Morphed images can be verified against contributing data subjects with a reasonable success rate, given they have a high degree of facial resemblance. The success of morphing attacks is directly dependent on the quality of the generated morph images. We present a new approach for generating strong attacks extending our earlier framework for generating face morphs. We present a new approach using an Identity Prior Driven Generative Adversarial Network, which we refer to as MIPGAN (Morphing through Identity Prior driven GAN) . The proposed MIPGAN is derived from the StyleGAN with a newly formulated loss function exploiting perceptual quality and identity factor to generate a high quality morphed facial image with minimal artefacts and with high resolution. We demonstrate the proposed approach’s applicability to generate strong morphing attacks by evaluating its vulnerability against both commercial and deep learning based Face Recognition System (FRS) and demonstrate the success rate of attacks. Extensive experiments are carried out to assess the FRS’s vulnerability against the proposed morphed face generation technique on three types of data such as digital images, re-digitized (printed and scanned) images, and compressed images after re-digitization from newly generated MIPGAN Face Morph Dataset . The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed approach of morph generation poses a high threat to FRS.

Sensing Technology for Human Activity Recognition: A Comprehensive Survey

Abstract: Sensors are devices that quantify the physical aspects of the world around us. This ability is important to gain knowledge about human activities. Human Activity recognition plays an import role in people's everyday life. In order to solve many human-centered problems, such as health care, and individual assistance, the need to infer various simple to complex human activities is prominent. Therefore, having a well defined categorization of sensing technology is essential for the systematic design of human activity recognition systems. By extending the sensor categorization proposed by White, we survey the most prominent research works that utilize different sensing technologies for human activity recognition tasks. To the best of our knowledge, there is no thorough sensor-driven survey that considers all sensor categories in the domain of human activity recognition with respect to the sampled physical properties, including a detailed comparison across sensor categories. Thus, our contribution is to close this gap by providing an insight into the state-of-the-art developments. We identify the limitations with respect to the hardware and software characteristics of each sensor category and draw comparisons based on benchmark features retrieved from the research works introduced in this survey. Finally, we conclude with general remarks and provide future research directions for human activity recognition within the presented sensor categorization.

Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys

Abstract: 25. Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys. By D. B. Rubin. ISBN 0 471 08705 X. Wiley, Chichester, 1987. 258 pp. £30.25.

Flows in Networks

Abstract: In this chapter, you will see how the simplex method simplifies when it is applied to a class of optimization problems that are known as “network flow models.” You will also see that if a network flow model has “integer-valued data,” the simplex method finds an optimal solution that is integer-valued.

Some Preliminary Comments on the DIRECTIVE 95/46/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data.

Abstract: (1) Whereas the objectives of the Community, as laid down in the Treaty, as amended by the Treaty on European Union, include creating an ever closer union among the peoples of Europe, fostering closer relations between the States belonging to the Community, ensuring economic and social progress by common action to eliminate the barriers which divide Europe, encouraging the constant improvement of the living conditions of its peoples, preserving and strengthening peace and liberty and promoting democracy on the basis of the fundamental rights recognized in the constitution and laws of the Member States and in the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms;