Internet brings us not only the convenience of communication but also some security risks, such as intercepting information and stealing information. Therefore, some important information needs to be hidden during communication. Steganography is the most common information hiding technology. This paper provides a literature review on digital image steganography. The existing steganography algorithms are classified into traditional algorithms and deep learning-based algorithms. Moreover, their advantages and weaknesses are pointed out. Finally, further research directions are discussed.

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A Survey on Digital Image Steganography

This paper presents a steganographic method based on quantization table modification and the F5 algorithm. This method has a larger embedded secret message capacity and improves the embedding strategy to avoid "shrinkage" due to the use of the F5 algorithm. The experimental results show that, in comparison with the F5 algorithm and other methods, the proposed method has a higher steganographic capacity and an improved embedding efficiency. In terms of the structural similarity as well as PSNR for assessing image quality, the stego-image has better image quality and the proposed method has better anti-attack capability.

A High Capacity Steganographic Method Based on Quantization Table Modification and F5 Algorithm

The availability of numerous powerful image processing tools or software makes it easier to manipulate the digital information without the addition of any footprints. JPEG compression based tampering detectors are generally employed in digital image forensics. An efficient anti-forensic technique is required to measure the capability of JPEG forensic detectors. In this article, an efficient JPEG anti-forensic technique is presented to hide the JPEG compression artifacts in spatial as well as Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) domain. We initially employ shifted block DCT approach on the considered JPEG compressed image to fill the gaps in the comb-like distribution of DCT coefficients. This shifted block DCT approach led to the addition of dithering noise itself without the need of any adaptive dithering model. Therefore, the computational cost to create a JPEG forgery reduces significantly. The result of this shifted block DCT approach is further processed in the second step by TV (Total variation)-based deblocking operation to remove the blocking artifacts left during the JPEG compression in the spatial domain. The experimental results illustrate that the presented approach has better performance in comparison to the existing techniques in terms of image visual quality and forensic undetectability with highly reduced computational cost.

An improved anti-forensic technique for JPEG compression

In this article, an advanced image steganographic technique is proposed which may carry large information like audio and video file. It exploits the merit of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm which basically generates random pixel position. Here, information become more secure because the algorithm selects the position randomly using AES as well as decide the size of Least Significant Bits for embedding information dynamically. Experiments are conducted to embed audio and video file into a gray scale as well as color images, and results are compared with four state-of-the-art methods, both qualitatively and quantitatively to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Image steganography using advanced encryption standard for implantation of audio/video data

With the growth of data communication security has become a major concern. Image Steganography is the greek origin word which means “hidden writing”. The redundant bits in cover media are removed and secret data is inserted into the space. The stegano-image should be almost identical to the original image thus the information content should not be lost. The value of performance parameters i.e Capacity, PSNR should be large and at the same time has minimum MSE and reduced computation time.

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Vector Quantization In Image Steganography

Image steganography is the art of hiding the existence of the information in the image. The steganography can be categorized into two types in spatial domain and frequency domain. In this study, the frequency based image steganography using Discrete Cosine Transformation (DCT) and JPEG is proposed. Instead of using 8x8-pixel blocks with the 8x8-pixel quantization table, a larger block of size 32x32 will be used with a corresponding 32x32 quantization table created by cubic interpolation technique. Our results show that we can reduce the computation time and increase the capacity of the secret messages while maintaining the image quality and the size of JPEG stego-image.

Natee Vongurai

Papers

Frequency-Based Steganography Using 32x32 Interpolated Quantization Table and Discrete Cosine Transform