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Nathan S. Lewis

Bio: Nathan S. Lewis is an academic researcher from California Institute of Technology. The author has contributed to research in topics: Semiconductor & Silicon. The author has an hindex of 112, co-authored 720 publications receiving 64808 citations. Previous affiliations of Nathan S. Lewis include Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory & Massachusetts Institute of Technology.


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TL;DR: In this paper, a second-order rate constant of 33 M^(1) s^(-1) was observed for VO_22^+(aq) reduction at glassy carbon and Pt electrodes, and a negative shift in redox potential, combined with the slow electrochemical kinetics of free VO_2+aq reduction and with the facile reaction of bound V^(IV) with free V^V in 1.0 M H_2SO_4(aq), resulted in the irreversible electrocatalytic reduction of VO(2+)(aq) to
Abstract: Although VO_22^+(aq) reduction is kinetically slow at glassy carbon and Pt electrodes, phosphomolybdic acid is shown to catalyze the electrochemical reduction of VO_2^+(aq) to VO_2^+(aq) in 1.0 M H_2SO_4(aq). A second-order rate constant of 33 M^(-1) s^(-1) was observed for this process. ^(31)P NMR spectra demonstrated that PMo_(11)VO_(40)^(4-) and PMo_(18)V_2O_(40)^(50-) were the dominant P-containing species under electrocatalytic conditions. The incorporation of V^V into the polyoxoanion led to a shift in potential from E^o(VO^(2+)(aq)/VO^(2+)(aq)) = +0.80 V vs Ag/AgCl for free V^V/V^(IV) to Eo' = +0.55 V vs Ag/AgCl for V^(V)/V^(Iv) bound in the heteropolyoxometalate (PMo_(11)VO_(40_^(4-)). This shift in formal potential corresponded to an equilibrium constant of 1.7 X 10^4 M^(-1) for preferential binding of V^V over V^(IV) by the heteropolyoxoanion. This negative shift in redox potential, combined with the slow electrochemical kinetics of free VO_2^+(aq) reduction and with the facile reaction of bound V^(IV) with free V^V in 1.0 M H_2SO_4(aq), resulted in the irreversible electrocatalytic reduction of VO_2^+(aq) to VO^(2+)(aq).
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Several American states mandate zero-carbon electricity systems based primarily on renewable technologies such as wind and solar power as mentioned in this paper, and these states require reliable and affordable electricity systems to be built.
Abstract: Several American states mandate zero-carbon electricity systems based primarily on renewable technologies such as wind and solar power. Reliable and affordable electricity systems based on these va...
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the first metalloporphyrin dihydrogen complex with a sterically bulky ligand bound between two metals was proposed as an intermediate in bimolecular elimination.
Abstract: Recently, the authors characterized the first metalloporphyrin dihydrogen complex, Os(OEP)(H{sub 2}), and proposed that a similar ruthenium porphyrin dihydrogen complex, Ru(OEP)(H{sub 2}), is involved as an intermediate in the catalytic H/D isotopic exchange between water and hydrogen. They now report that treatment of a metal-metal-bonded cofacial ruthenium porphyrin dimer with a sterically bulky ligand in the presence of hydrogen gas has yielded the first known complex containing a dihydrogen ligand bound between two metals. Such a bridged dihydrogen complex is proposed as an intermediate in the bimolecular elimination of dihydrogen from two metalloporphyrin hydrides.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
29 Dec 2014
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss full spectrum photovoltaic modules that leverage low-cost III-V compound semiconductor cells, efficient optics and unconventional fabrication/assembly methods, and discuss advances in photoelectrochemical water-splitting with high efficiency.
Abstract: We discuss ‘full spectrum’ photovoltaic modules that leverage low-cost III-V compound semiconductor cells, efficient optics and unconventional fabrication/assembly methods, and discuss advances in photoelectrochemical water-splitting with high efficiency.

Cited by
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08 Dec 2001-BMJ
TL;DR: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one, which seems an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.
Abstract: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality. Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

33,785 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
24 Oct 1991-Nature
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a photovoltaic cell, created from low-to medium-purity materials through low-cost processes, which exhibits a commercially realistic energy-conversion efficiency.
Abstract: THE large-scale use of photovoltaic devices for electricity generation is prohibitively expensive at present: generation from existing commercial devices costs about ten times more than conventional methods1. Here we describe a photovoltaic cell, created from low-to medium-purity materials through low-cost processes, which exhibits a commercially realistic energy-conversion efficiency. The device is based on a 10-µm-thick, optically transparent film of titanium dioxide particles a few nanometres in size, coated with a monolayer of a charge-transfer dye to sensitize the film for light harvesting. Because of the high surface area of the semiconductor film and the ideal spectral characteristics of the dye, the device harvests a high proportion of the incident solar energy flux (46%) and shows exceptionally high efficiencies for the conversion of incident photons to electrical current (more than 80%). The overall light-to-electric energy conversion yield is 7.1-7.9% in simulated solar light and 12% in diffuse daylight. The large current densities (greater than 12 mA cm-2) and exceptional stability (sustaining at least five million turnovers without decomposition), as well as the low cost, make practical applications feasible.

26,457 citations

28 Jul 2005
TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
Abstract: 抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1(PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员,通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

18,940 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This critical review shows the basis of photocatalytic water splitting and experimental points, and surveys heterogeneous photocatalyst materials for water splitting into H2 and O2, and H2 or O2 evolution from an aqueous solution containing a sacrificial reagent.
Abstract: This critical review shows the basis of photocatalytic water splitting and experimental points, and surveys heterogeneous photocatalyst materials for water splitting into H2 and O2, and H2 or O2 evolution from an aqueous solution containing a sacrificial reagent Many oxides consisting of metal cations with d0 and d10 configurations, metal (oxy)sulfide and metal (oxy)nitride photocatalysts have been reported, especially during the latest decade The fruitful photocatalyst library gives important information on factors affecting photocatalytic performances and design of new materials Photocatalytic water splitting and H2 evolution using abundant compounds as electron donors are expected to contribute to construction of a clean and simple system for solar hydrogen production, and a solution of global energy and environmental issues in the future (361 references)

8,850 citations