Navin Kumar

Bio: Navin Kumar is an academic researcher from Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham. The author has contributed to research in topics: Visible light communication & MIMO. The author has an hindex of 12, co-authored 83 publications receiving 573 citations. Previous affiliations of Navin Kumar include Blackburn College & CMR Institute of Technology.

Visible light communications in intelligent transportation systems

Abstract: Emerging intelligent transportation systems (ITS) are based on several technologies. A new concept of integrating visible light communications (VLC) in ITS is introduced in this paper. VLC in ITS is a cost effective method of implementation. This paper presents a VLC broadcast system considering LED-based traffic lights. It discusses the integration of traffic light road side unit (RSUs) within the existing ITS architecture. A prototype demonstrator of the designed VLC systems is also presented. A robust modulation technique based on direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) sequence inverse keying (SIK) has been implemented to minimize the effect of noise sources. Experimental results show data communication range of over 40m with 200mm custom designed traffic light, even during bright sun light.

Visible light communication for intelligent transportation in road safety applications

Abstract: This paper discusses the implementation of a light emitting diode based visible light communication system, for intelligent transportation in road safety applications. The signal processing of both, transmitter and receiver are realized in a field programmable gate array using two Spartan-3E development kits. The implemented modulation scheme is based on direct sequence spread spectrum techniques. The performance of the overall system is evaluated and results are presented. It is found that the system is well suited for traffic broadcast at low data rate and medium range. The simulation results also show that spread spectrum modulation techniques mitigate the effect of noise produced by ambient artificial light sources.

Visible Light Communication System for outdoor applications

Abstract: This paper presents a Visible Light Communication (VLC) system architecture suitable for outdoor applications. VLC usages in outdoor scenarios are facing new opportunities raised by the increasing trends on the usage of LEDs. Traffic light signals and public illumination systems are two application examples, where VLC can show its merits. These scenarios pose several challenges due to the fact that it is difficult to control environmental conditions. Thus, VLC systems able to operate under these conditions need to employ robust modulation schemes. This paper proposes the usage of direct sequence spread spectrum to combat noise and interference. The implemented prototype demonstrates that it is feasible to achieve more than 40m communication range for low data rate applications even in the presence of significant optical noise levels.

Smart and intelligent energy efficient public illumination system with ubiquitous communication for smart city

Abstract: The activities and researches in conceptualizing smart infrastructures around us are growing. Advancement in information and communication technology (ICT) in fact enables an entity or a system smart and intelligent. This paper discusses a concept towards developing a smart city using intelligent energy efficient public illumination system which would also offer ubiquitous communication. It discusses the usage of energy efficient intelligent illumination which can automatically adjust the intensity of lights depending on surrounding environment that are continuously monitored using sensor networks. The system is based on semiconductor light emitting diodes (LEDs) which are efficiently and effectively controlled. Furthermore, its inherent characteristic of high rate switching can be used for data communication enabling simultaneous use of illumination and communication. A case scenario of road illumination is also discussed and through simulation studies, it is reported that data communication at high rate is possible using the lighting infrastructures.

Integration of Cloud computing and Internet of Things

Abstract: Cloud computing and Internet of Things (IoT) are two very different technologies that are both already part of our life. Their adoption and use are expected to be more and more pervasive, making them important components of the Future Internet. A novel paradigm where Cloud and IoT are merged together is foreseen as disruptive and as an enabler of a large number of application scenarios.In this paper, we focus our attention on the integration of Cloud and IoT, which is what we call the CloudIoT paradigm. Many works in literature have surveyed Cloud and IoT separately and, more precisely, their main properties, features, underlying technologies, and open issues. However, to the best of our knowledge, these works lack a detailed analysis of the new CloudIoT paradigm, which involves completely new applications, challenges, and research issues. To bridge this gap, in this paper we provide a literature survey on the integration of Cloud and IoT. Starting by analyzing the basics of both IoT and Cloud Computing, we discuss their complementarity, detailing what is currently driving to their integration. Thanks to the adoption of the CloudIoT paradigm a number of applications are gaining momentum: we provide an up-to-date picture of CloudIoT applications in literature, with a focus on their specific research challenges. These challenges are then analyzed in details to show where the main body of research is currently heading. We also discuss what is already available in terms of platforms-both proprietary and open source-and projects implementing the CloudIoT paradigm. Finally, we identify open issues and future directions in this field, which we expect to play a leading role in the landscape of the Future Internet. Vision and motivations for the integration of Cloud computing and Internet of Things (IoT).Applications stemming from the integration of Cloud computing and IoT.Hot research topics and challenges in the integrated scenario of Cloud computing and IoT.Open issues and future directions for research in this scenario.

Visible Light Communication, Networking, and Sensing: A Survey, Potential and Challenges

Abstract: The solid-state lighting is revolutionizing the indoor illumination. Current incandescent and fluorescent lamps are being replaced by the LEDs at a rapid pace. Apart from extremely high energy efficiency, the LEDs have other advantages such as longer lifespan, lower heat generation, and improved color rendering without using harmful chemicals. One additional benefit of LEDs is that they are capable of switching to different light intensity at a very fast rate. This functionality has given rise to a novel communication technology (known as visible light communication—VLC) where LED luminaires can be used for high speed data transfer. This survey provides a technology overview and review of existing literature of visible light communication and sensing. This paper provides a detailed survey of 1) visible light communication system and characteristics of its various components such as transmitter and receiver; 2) physical layer properties of visible light communication channel, modulation methods, and MIMO techniques; 3) medium access techniques; 4) system design and programmable platforms; and 5) visible light sensing and application such as indoor localization, gesture recognition, screen-camera communication, and vehicular networking. We also outline important challenges that need to be addressed in order to design high-speed mobile networks using visible light communication.

LED Based Indoor Visible Light Communications: State of the Art

Abstract: Visible Light Communication (VLC) is an emerging field in Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) which utilizes the superior modulation bandwidth of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) to transmit data. In modern day communication systems, the most popular frequency band is Radio Frequency (RF) mainly due to little interference and good coverage. However, the rapidly dwindling RF spectrum along with increasing wireless network traffic has substantiated the need for greater bandwidth and spectral relief. By combining illumination and communication, VLC provides ubiquitous communication while addressing the shortfalls and limitations of RF communication. This paper provides a comprehensive survey on VLC with an emphasis on challenges faced in indoor applications over the period 1979–2014. VLC is compared with infrared (IR) and RF systems and the necessity for using this beneficial technology in communication systems is justified. The advantages of LEDs compared to traditional lighting technologies are discussed and comparison is done between different types of LEDs currently available. Modulation schemes and dimming techniques for indoor VLC are discussed in detail. Methods needed to improve VLC system performance such as filtering, equalization, compensation, and beamforming are also presented. The recent progress made by various research groups in this field is discussed along with the possible applications of this technology. Finally, the limitations of VLC as well as the probable future directions are presented.

3.4 Gbit/s visible optical wireless transmission based on RGB LED

Abstract: In this paper, we experimentally realized a gigabit-class indoor visible light communication system using commercially available RGB White LED and exploiting an optimized DMT modulation. We achieved data rate of 1.5 Gbit/s with single channel and 3.4 Gbit/s by implementing WDM transmission at standard illumination levels. In both experiments, the resulting bit error ratios were below the FEC limit. To the best of our knowledge, these values are the highest ever achieved in VLC systems.

A Survey of Positioning Systems Using Visible LED Lights

Abstract: As Global Positioning System (GPS) cannot provide satisfying performance in indoor environments, indoor positioning technology, which utilizes indoor wireless signals instead of GPS signals, has grown rapidly in recent years. Meanwhile, visible light communication (VLC) using light devices such as light emitting diodes (LEDs) has been deemed to be a promising candidate in the heterogeneous wireless networks that may collaborate with radio frequencies (RF) wireless networks. In particular, light-fidelity has a great potential for deployment in future indoor environments because of its high throughput and security advantages. This paper provides a comprehensive study of a novel positioning technology based on visible white LED lights, which has attracted much attention from both academia and industry. The essential characteristics and principles of this system are deeply discussed, and relevant positioning algorithms and designs are classified and elaborated. This paper undertakes a thorough investigation into current LED-based indoor positioning systems and compares their performance through many aspects, such as test environment, accuracy, and cost. It presents indoor hybrid positioning systems among VLC and other systems (e.g., inertial sensors and RF systems). We also review and classify outdoor VLC positioning applications for the first time. Finally, this paper surveys major advances as well as open issues, challenges, and future research directions in VLC positioning systems.