Artificial intelligence in drug discovery and development.

Polymeric micelles in drug delivery: An insight of the techniques for their characterization and assessment in biorelevant conditions.

Liposomes have been considered promising and versatile drug vesicles. Compared with traditional drug delivery systems, liposomes exhibit better properties, including site-targeting, sustained or controlled release, protection of drugs from degradation and clearance, superior therapeutic effects, and lower toxic side effects. Given these merits, several liposomal drug products have been successfully approved and used in clinics over the last couple of decades. In this review, the liposomal drug products approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) are discussed. Based on the published approval package in the FDA and European public assessment report (EPAR) in EMA, the critical chemistry information and mature pharmaceutical technologies applied in the marketed liposomal products, including the lipid excipient, manufacturing methods, nanosizing technique, drug loading methods, as well as critical quality attributions (CQAs) of products, are introduced. Additionally, the current regulatory guidance and future perspectives related to liposomal products are summarized. This knowledge can be used for research and development of the liposomal drug candidates under various pipelines, including the laboratory bench, pilot plant, and commercial manufacturing.

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/4/1372/pdf?version=1645180343

A Review of Liposomes as a Drug Delivery System: Current Status of Approved Products, Regulatory Environments, and Future Perspectives

Nanomedicines accessible in the market for clinical interventions

Primary, physico-chemical radiation reactions are discussed, with emphasis on the formation of free radicals and their subsequent attack of biological macromolecules. The nature of the biologic target is considered. (BBB)

Interaction of radiation with matter

Nowadays, the use of the third level cellular compartment targeting is widely increasing to attain extreme therapeutic benefit via site-specific delivery and by avoiding off-target accumulation. The requirement of cytosolic delivery is important in cases of some lethal diseases such as cancer. Currently, innumerable research is ongoing in this field but still, one major hurdle of endosomal escape is the making of therapeutic with the desired potential. On the other hand, the advancement of technology in science discipline has found certain ways such as how to grasp endosomal escape in the act. This chapter discusses the new advancements and research being done all over the world by many researchers aimed to handle the difficulties of cytosolic drug delivery to fight diseases in a better way and side by side to improve patient compliance. Nanotechnology is considered to be a divine strategy in the emerging requirement of cytosolic drug delivery.

Endosomal escape tendency of drug delivery systems to mediate cytosolic delivery of therapeutics

Biosimilars accessible in the market for the treatment of cancer.

In this fast-growing nanotechnological drug delivery era the focus is narrowing to real nanocarriers that can be commercialized to improve human healthcare. Many nanocarriers have shown drug delivery potential; however, only a few have shown the real potential to wind up in the hands of customers (the patients). In drug delivery, colloidal system and polymeric micelles have attracted great attention in the recent three decades. Generally, polymeric micelles have high stability than surfactant-based micelles. These carriers have recently been advanced as newer and effective drug delivery system for targeting of amphiphilic and poorly water-soluble drug(s). The application of polymeric micelles to assist drug delivery has already been established. These are shown to be beneficial for the stabilization and distribution of compound to target the site. Recently, to enhance the accumulation and to reduce toxicity, the micellar formulation is targeted to a particular site. They have been extensively employed to improve the delivery characteristics of poorly water-soluble bioactive. Numerous polymeric micellar architects have been developed and studied over the past few decades. Many of them have gradually progressed through clinical trials. This review summarizes the relevant properties of polymeric micelles including the types of micelles, their formation, critical micelle concentration, size of polymeric micelles, and shape of molecules and other attributes.

Polymeric micelles: a ray of hope among new drug delivery systems

Pharmacokinetics (PK) plays an essential role in defining the performance of a drug in the body. Hence it is vital to characterize the drug for parameters such as solubility, pKa, and log P, affecting the PK at an early drug discovery stage. However, many molecules in the hit identification and lead identification stage of discovery make the complete PK characterization incredibly difficult. The use of computational software to calculate the drug’s physicochemical properties from its structure and predict its PK is a valuable asset during drug discovery. This chapter discusses the application of computational PK in drug discovery and its potential application in personalized medicine.

Neelima Anup

Papers

Nanomedicines accessible in the market for clinical interventions

Endosomal escape tendency of drug delivery systems to mediate cytosolic delivery of therapeutics

Biosimilars accessible in the market for the treatment of cancer.

Polymeric micelles: a ray of hope among new drug delivery systems

Software used in ADME computation