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Neeta D Gade

Bio: Neeta D Gade is an academic researcher from Government Medical College, Nagpur. The author has contributed to research in topics: Medicine & Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 56 citations.

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Ciprofloxacin can no longer be used in empirical therapy against MRSA infections and use of other members of fluoroquinolone should be limited only to those strains that show laboratory confirmation of their susceptibility.
Abstract: Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the utility of various commonly used fluoroquinolones against Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Materials and Methods: A total of 250 isolates of S. aureus were studied from different clinical specimens like blood, pus, wound swabs, sputum, ear swabs, and body fluids between November 2009 and December 2011. All the isolates were tested for their susceptibility to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobial agents by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method using criteria of standard zone of inhibition. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) detection was done by cefoxitin disk diffusion method. The MRSA isolates were tested for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to vancomycin by E-test strips. All the MRSA strains were sent to National Staphylococcal Phage-typing Centre, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi for phage typing. Results: A total of 107 strains of S. aureus (42.8%) were detected as MRSA. Multidrug resistance was observed among the MRSA strains more commonly than among the MSSA stains. Among the fluoroquinolones, maximum resistance in MRSA was seen to ciprofloxacin (92.5%), followed by ofloxacin (80.4%). None of the S. aureus isolates showed resistance to vancomycin and linezolid. The MICs of vancomycin for the MRSA tested ranged from 0.5 to 2 μg/ml. Phage typing pattern of 107 MRSA isolates revealed that 37 (34.6%) MRSA isolates were nontypeable and 70 (65.4%) were typeable. Conclusion: Ciprofloxacin can no longer be used in empirical therapy against MRSA infections. Use of other members of fluoroquinolone should be limited only to those strains that show laboratory confirmation of their susceptibility. Vancomycin remains the drug of choice to treat MRSA infections.

66 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that rigorous contact tracing and COVID-appropriate behaviour (wearing a mask, social distancing and hand hygiene) are required to break the chain of transmission and elderly people are more susceptible to infection.
Abstract: Introduction. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic emerged as a global health crisis in 2020. The first case in India was reported on 30 January 2020 and the disease spread throughout the country within months. Old persons, immunocompromised patients and persons with co-morbidities, especially of the respiratory system, have a more severe and often fatal outcome to the disease. In this study we have analysed the socio-demographic trend of the COVID-19 outbreak in Nagpur and adjoining districts. Methods. The study was conducted from April to December 2020. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs collected from suspected cases of COVID-19 were tested using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at a diagnostic molecular laboratory at a tertiary care hospital in central India. Patient-related data on demographic profile and indication for testing were obtained from laboratory requisition forms. The results of the inconclusive repeat samples were also noted. The data were analysed using SPSS v24.0. Results. A total of 46 898 samples were received from April to December 2020, of which 41 410 were included in the study; 90.6 % of samples belonged to adults and 9.4 % belonged to children. The overall positivity rate in the samples was 19.3 %, although it varied over the period. The yield was significantly high in the elderly age group (25.5 %) and symptomatic patients (22.6 %). On repeat testing of patients whose first test was inconclusive, 17.1% were positive. There was a steady increase of both the number of tests and the rate of positivity in the initial period of the study, followed by a sharp decline. Conclusion. We can conclude that rigorous contact tracing and COVID-appropriate behaviour (wearing a mask, social distancing and hand hygiene) are required to break the chain of transmission. Elderly people are more susceptible to infection and should follow stringent precautions. It is also important to perform repeat testing of those individuals whose tests are inconclusive with fresh samples so that no positive cases are missed. Understanding of demographics is crucial for better management of this crisis and proper allocation of resources.

1 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
12 Aug 2022
TL;DR: Diabetes mellitus and the use of steroid during COVID-19 hospitalization was observed to be common risk factors and Rhino-cerebral mucormycosis was found to be the commonest type.
Abstract: Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has emerged as a global health crisis in the century with a heavy toll on human life. The second wave of COVID-19 was lethal for the patients as they had to combat the virus along with the opportunistic fungal and bacterial infections triggered by it. Mucormycosis gained attention for its widespread existence during this period of the second wave of COVID-19. Material & Methods: Various clinical samples like biopsy tissues from paranasal sinuses, deep nasal swabs, bronchoalveolar lavage, sputum, etc. were studied for the presence of fungal elements by KOH examination and culture on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar. Identification of fungal isolate was done by growth characteristics, LPCB wet mount, and slide culture. Result: During the study period, a total of 214 samples were received of which 17 (7.9%) were positive for fungal growth. Rhizopus arrhizus was most frequently isolated. Diabetes mellitus and the use of steroid during COVID-19 hospitalization was observed to be common risk factors. Rhino-cerebral mucormycosis was found to be the commonest type. Conclusion: Invasive mould infections can lead to fatal outcomes, if not detected timely. Accurate identification of the fungus is important for the administration of appropriate antifungal therapy.
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , the authors report the importance of CT value, an indirect indicator of viral load, and report that CT value is significantly high in asymptomatic patients as compared to symptomatic patients.
Abstract: Introduction: The standard molecular method for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis is via real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Real-time RT-PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values represent the number of amplification cycles required for the target gene to exceed a threshold level. This study asses RT-PCR Ct Value in asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV- 2 infection in compared to those in symptomatic patients. So, our study will be helpful for studying the dynamics of viral loads in the form of Ct Values in asymptomatic patients compared to symptomatic patients. Methodology: It is a retrospective cross-sectional study that includes two groups: asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. Data collected include patient details like age, gender, symptomatic status, RT-PCR test results, as well as Ct values in case of positive results. The data was extracted in MS Excel and analyzed using Stata v16.0. Quantitative variables like Ct value were summarized as Mean. Results: From April 2020 to May 2021, 46,219 cases were detected by RTPCR. The majority (88.6%) of the cases were asymptomatic, with only 11.4% symptomatic. The Ct value showed a slight but statistically significant decline across age groups from a Mean (± SD). The difference was more pronounced between extremes of age groups. (0 to 19 vs. 60 and above) The Ct value was significantly different between symptomatic 23.4 (± 5.4) and asymptomatic groups 25.4 (± 5.2). Conclusion: We report the importance of CT value, an indirect indicator of viral load. CT value is significantly high in asymptomatic patients as compared to symptomatic patients.
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , a post cytotoxic snake bite Guillain-Barré syndrome was reported, which is the sixth case reported till date, but snake envenomation affecting peripheral nerves is rarely reported.
Abstract: Snake bite is commonly encountered problem in India and world-wide. Common neurological presentation of snake bite includes neuromuscular junction dysfunction leading to acute neuromuscular paralysis. But snake envenomation affecting peripheral nerves is rarely reported. Authors are reporting a post cytotoxic snake bite Guillain-Barré syndrome, which is the sixth case reported till date.

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TL;DR: Besides development of new small molecules affecting cell viability, alternative approaches including anti-virulence and bacteriophage therapeutics are being investigated and may become important tools to combat staphylococcal infections in the future.
Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus is capable of becoming resistant to all classes of antibiotics clinically available and resistance can develop through de novo mutations in chromosomal genes or through acquisition of horizontally transferred resistance determinants. This review covers the most important antibiotics available for treatment of S. aureus infections and a special emphasis is dedicated to the current knowledge of the wide variety of resistance mechanisms that S. aureus employ to withstand antibiotics. Since resistance development has been inevitable for all currently available antibiotics, new therapies are continuously under development. Besides development of new small molecules affecting cell viability, alternative approaches including anti-virulence and bacteriophage therapeutics are being investigated and may become important tools to combat staphylococcal infections in the future.

158 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
29 Jun 2017
TL;DR: This review attempts to focus and record the plant-derived compounds and plant extracts against multi-drug-resistant (MDR) pathogens including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MDR-Mycobacterium tuberculosis and malarial parasites Plasmodium spp.
Abstract: Antibiotic resistance is becoming a pivotal concern for public health that has accelerated the search for new antimicrobial molecules from nature. Numbers of human pathogens have inevitably evolved to become resistant to various currently available drugs causing considerable mortality and morbidity worldwide. It is apparent that novel antibiotics are urgently warranted to combat these life-threatening pathogens. In recent years, there have been an increasing number of studies to discover new bioactive compounds from plant origin with the hope to control antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This review attempts to focus and record the plant-derived compounds and plant extracts against multi-drug-resistant (MDR) pathogens including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), MDR-Mycobacterium tuberculosis and malarial parasites Plasmodium spp. reported between 2005 and 2015. During this period, a total of 110 purified compounds and 60 plant extracts were obtained from 112 different plants. The plants reviewed in this study belong to 70 different families reported from 36 countries around the world. The present review also discusses the drug resistance in bacteria and emphasizes the urge for new drugs.

118 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This short review asks the question: do antibacterial agents derived from plants have a chance to become a panacea against infectious diseases in the “post-antibiotics era”?
Abstract: Infectious diseases that are caused by bacteria are an important cause of mortality and morbidity in all regions of the world. Bacterial drug resistance has grown in the last decades, but the rate of discovery of new antibiotics has steadily decreased. Therefore, the search for new effective antibacterial agents has become a top priority. The plant kingdom seems to be a deep well for searching for novel antimicrobial agents. This is due to the many attractive features of plants: they are readily available and cheap, extracts or compounds from plant sources often demonstrate high-level activity against pathogens, and they rarely have severe side effects. The huge variety of plant-derived compounds provides very diverse chemical structures that may supply both the novel mechanisms of antimicrobial action and provide us with new targets within the bacterial cell. In addition, the rapid development of modern biotechnologies opens up the way for obtaining bioactive compounds in environmentally friendly and low-toxic conditions. In this short review, we ask the question: do antibacterial agents derived from plants have a chance to become a panacea against infectious diseases in the "post-antibiotics era".

108 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, ionizing irradiation was used to degrade NOR in aqueous solution, and the results showed that 5 −40 µm/L NOR could be degraded completely at 0.4 −4 kGy.

94 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Six novel aryl-substituted-1,2,3-triazoles linked to carbohydrate units synthesized through the Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition CuAAC of substituted-arylazides exhibited promising antifungal activity.
Abstract: Bacterial resistance remains a significant threat and a leading cause of death worldwide, despite massive attempts to control infections. In an effort to develop biologically active antibacterial and antifungal agents, six novel aryl-substituted-1,2,3-triazoles linked to carbohydrate units were synthesized through the Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition CuAAC of substituted-arylazides with a selection of alkyne-functionalized sugars. The chemical structures of the new derivatives were verified using different spectroscopic techniques. The novel clicked 1,2,3-triazoles were evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the obtained results were compared with the activity of the reference antibiotic "Ampicillin". Likewise, in vitro antifungal activity of the new 1,2,3-triazoles was investigated against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger using "Nystatin" as a reference drug. The results of the biological evaluation pointed out that Staphylococcus aureus was more susceptible to all of the tested compounds than other examined microbes. In addition, some tested compounds exhibited promising antifungal activity.

67 citations