One of the most attractive biometric techniques is gait recognition, since its potential for human identification at a distance. But gait recognition is still challenging in real applications due to the effect of many variations on the appearance and shape. Usually, appearance-based methods need to compute gait energy image (GEI) which is extracted from the human silhouettes. GEI is an image that is obtained by averaging the silhouettes and as result the temporal information is removed. The body joints are invariant to changing clothing and carrying conditions. We propose a novel pose-based gait recognition approach that is more robust to the clothing and carrying variations. At the same time, a pose-based temporal-spatial network (PTSN) is proposed to extract the temporal-spatial features, which effectively improve the performance of gait recognition. Experiments evaluated on the challenging CASIA B dataset, show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance in both carrying and clothing conditions.

Pose-Based Temporal-Spatial Network (PTSN) for Gait Recognition with Carrying and Clothing Variations

Improved gait recognition based on specialized deep convolutional neural network

Gait recognition is an emerging biometric technology that identifies people through the analysis of the way they walk. The challenge of model-free based gait recognition is to cope with various intra-class variations such as clothing variations, carrying conditions and angle variations that adversely affect the recognition performance. This paper proposes a method to select the most discriminative human body part based on group Lasso of motion to reduce the intra-class variation so as to improve the recognition performance. The proposed method is evaluated using CASIA Gait Dataset B. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed technique gives promising results.

Human Body Part Selection by Group Lasso of Motion for Model-Free Gait Recognition

The essential human gait parameters are briefly reviewed, followed by a detailed review of the state of the art in deep learning for the human gait analysis. The modalities for capturing the gait data are grouped according to the sensing technology: video sequences, wearable sensors, and floor sensors, as well as the publicly available datasets. The established artificial neural network architectures for deep learning are reviewed for each group, and their performance are compared with particular emphasis on the spatiotemporal character of gait data and the motivation for multi-sensor, multi-modality fusion. It is shown that by most of the essential metrics, deep learning convolutional neural networks typically outperform shallow learning models. In the light of the discussed character of gait data, this is attributed to the possibility to extract the gait features automatically in deep learning as opposed to the shallow learning from the handcrafted gait features.

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Deep Learning for Monitoring of Human Gait: A Review

Gait recognition has emerged as an attractive biometric technology for the identification of people by analysing the way they walk. However, one of the main challenges of the technology is to address the effects of inherent various intra-class variations caused by covariate factors such as clothing, carrying conditions, and view angle that adversely affect the recognition performance. The main aim of this survey is to provide a comprehensive overview of existing robust gait recognition methods. This is intended to provide researchers with state of the art approaches in order to help advance the research topic through an understanding of basic taxonomies, comparisons, and summaries of the state-of-the-art performances on several widely used gait recognition datasets.

https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/iet-bmt.2018.5063

Robust gait recognition: a comprehensive survey

Human Gait recognition is one of the most promising research areas at the moment. Gait is the style or manner of walking on foot. Gait recognition aims to identify individuals by the manner in which they walk. Existing Gait representations which capture both motion and appearance information are sensitive to changes in various covariate conditions such as carrying and clothing. In this paper, we propose a novel temporal representation of Gait using Pal and Pal Entropy (GPPE) for each cycle of the silhouettes. The Principal component analysis is applied to each of the features extracted to create a feature matrix. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used for training and testing of individuals by the proposed method. Extensive experiments on the Treadmill dataset and the CASIA datasets A, B, C have been carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed representation of Gait.

Gait recognition based on gait pal and pal entropy image

Investigation of folding unfolding process of a new variant of dihydrofolate reductase protein from Zebrafish.

Kinetics and thermodynamics of the thermal inactivation and chaperone assisted folding of zebrafish dihydrofolate reductase

A protein, differing in origin, may exhibit variable physicochemical behaviour, difference in sequence homology, fold and function. Thus studying structure-function relationship of proteins from altered sources is meaningful in the sense that it may give rise to comparative aspects of their sequence-structure-function relationship. Dihydrofolate reductase is an enzyme involved in cell cycle regulation. It is a significant enzyme as.a target for developing anticancer drugs. Hence, detailed understanding of structure-function relationships of wide variants of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase would be important for developing an inhibitor or an antagonist against the enzyme involved in the cellular developmental processes. In this communication, we have reported the comparative structure-function relationship between E. coli and human dihydrofolate reductase. The differences in the unfolding behaviour of these two proteins have been investigated to understand various properties of these two proteins like relative' stability differences and variation in conformational changes under identical denaturing conditions. The equilibrium unfolding mechanism of dihydrofolate reductase proteins using guanidine hydrochloride as a denaturant in the presence of various types of osmolytes has been monitored using loss in enzymatic activity, intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence and an extrinsic fluorophore 8-anilino-1-naphthalene-sulfonic acid as probes. It has been observed that osmolytes, such as 1M sucrose, and 30% glycerol, provided enhanced stability to both variants of dihydrofolate reductase. Their level of stabilisation has been observed to be dependent on intrinsic protein stability. It was observed that 100 mM proline does not show any 'significant stabilisation to either of dihydrofolate reductases. In the present study, it has been observed that the human protein is relatively less stable than the E.coli counterpart.

Comparison of physico-chemical aspects between E. coli and human dihydrofolate reductase: an equilibrium unfolding study

https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/portal/files/49160056/Jain_et_al_Minichaperone_GroEL191_345_Biochimica_et_Biophysica_Acta_2018.pdf

Neha Jain

Papers

Gait recognition based on gait pal and pal entropy image

Investigation of folding unfolding process of a new variant of dihydrofolate reductase protein from Zebrafish.

Kinetics and thermodynamics of the thermal inactivation and chaperone assisted folding of zebrafish dihydrofolate reductase

Comparison of physico-chemical aspects between E. coli and human dihydrofolate reductase: an equilibrium unfolding study

Minichaperone (GroEL191-345) mediated folding of MalZ proceeds by binding and release of native and functional intermediates.