抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

The 11th edition of Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine welcomes Anthony Fauci to its editorial staff, in addition to more than 85 new contributors. While the organization of the book is similar to previous editions, major emphasis has been placed on disorders that affect multiple organ systems. Important advances in genetics, immunology, and oncology are emphasized. Many chapters of the book have been rewritten and describe major advances in internal medicine. Subjects that received only a paragraph or two of attention in previous editions are now covered in entire chapters. Among the chapters that have been extensively revised are the chapters on infections in the compromised host, on skin rashes in infections, on many of the viral infections, including cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus, on sexually transmitted diseases, on diabetes mellitus, on disorders of bone and mineral metabolism, and on lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. The major revisions in these chapters and many

Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine

Synthesis and surface engineering of iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications

Rapid growth in nanotechnology is increasing the likelihood of engineered nanomaterials coming into contact with humans and the environment. Nanoparticles interacting with proteins, membranes, cells, DNA and organelles establish a series of nanoparticle/biological interfaces that depend on colloidal forces as well as dynamic biophysicochemical interactions. These interactions lead to the formation of protein coronas, particle wrapping, intracellular uptake and biocatalytic processes that could have biocompatible or bioadverse outcomes. For their part, the biomolecules may induce phase transformations, free energy releases, restructuring and dissolution at the nanomaterial surface. Probing these various interfaces allows the development of predictive relationships between structure and activity that are determined by nanomaterial properties such as size, shape, surface chemistry, roughness and surface coatings. This knowledge is important from the perspective of safe use of nanomaterials.

Understanding biophysicochemical interactions at the nano–bio interface

Mucoadhesive PEG-tethered microparticulate systems for gastrointestinal and vaginal drug delivery

Dissolution Mechanism of Glassy Polymers: A Molecular Analysis

The interfacial thickness of polymer-poymer bilayers is determined by the concentration profile of the two polymers across the interface. After intimate contact is established between two polymer films, adhesion takes place by interdiffusion of polymer chains across the Interface . The combination of transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (TEMIEDS) is used to map the concentration profile at the interface of a poly (vinyl chloride) and poly (methyl methacrylate) bllayer . Thin sections in the order of 800 A are cut using an uftramkxotome, examinedwith TEM, and the concentration profile is mapped with EDS . The intensity of x-ray fluorescence is adjusted for variation in sample thickness by measuring the relative thickness across the interface with electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). The interfacial thickness of the bilayer after 6 hours at 120-C was 1.5 rum. The concentration profile is fitted to the Ficklen diffusion equation and an average interdiffusion coefficient of 8 .0 x io-t4 cm2Js is obtained in good agreement with values reported in the literature.

Measurement of Adhesion and Interfacial Thickness of Polymer-Polymer Interfaces with Electron Microscopy

Chemical Engineering started as a discipline concerned with the education of engineers who would work in chemical plants. Yet, in the early days of the development of this field, industrial chemistry was the most “acceptable” method of education of students.

Unit Processes Against Unit Operations: The Educational Fights of the Thirties

The complex sequence of the hydrolysis/polymerization reaction of certain types of alkoxysilanes is modelled using a novel approach based on the branching theory. Network formation is described, resulting from the reaction of multifunctional oligomers. Expressions are derived for the critical silane conversion at the gel point, the molecular weight, and changes in the sol and gel fractions as a function of time.

Nicholas A. Peppas

Papers

Mucoadhesive PEG-tethered microparticulate systems for gastrointestinal and vaginal drug delivery

Dissolution Mechanism of Glassy Polymers: A Molecular Analysis

Measurement of Adhesion and Interfacial Thickness of Polymer-Polymer Interfaces with Electron Microscopy

Unit Processes Against Unit Operations: The Educational Fights of the Thirties

Branching Theory in Sol-Gel Processing