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Nicola Hüsing

Bio: Nicola Hüsing is an academic researcher from University of Salzburg. The author has contributed to research in topics: Mesoporous material & Sol-gel. The author has an hindex of 35, co-authored 176 publications receiving 6376 citations. Previous affiliations of Nicola Hüsing include University of California, Los Angeles & Max Planck Society.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The design of such a filigrane network requires the very careful control of chemical parameters and the reward is an assortment of different property profiles owing to the richness of possible variations.
Abstract: Air, air, air… and some solid skeleton; this is the basis for an interesting class of materials-the aerogels (shown schematically on the right). Can one therefore speak of "simple" chemistry? The design of such a filigrane network requires the very careful control of chemical parameters. The reward is an assortment of different property profiles owing to the richness of possible variations.

1,471 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present work critically reviews the formation of crystalline nanoscale titania particles via solution-based approaches without thermal treatment, with special focus on the resulting polymorphs, crystal morphology, surface area, and particle dimensions.
Abstract: Titanium dioxide is one of the most intensely studied oxides due to its interesting electrochemical and photocatalytic properties and it is widely applied, for example in photocatalysis, electrochemical energy storage, in white pigments, as support in catalysis, etc. Common synthesis methods of titanium dioxide typically require a high temperature step to crystallize the amorphous material into one of the polymorphs of titania, e.g. anatase, brookite and rutile, thus resulting in larger particles and mostly non-porous materials. Only recently, low temperature solution-based protocols gave access to crystalline titania with higher degree of control over the formed polymorph and its intra- or interparticle porosity. The present work critically reviews the formation of crystalline nanoscale titania particles via solution-based approaches without thermal treatment, with special focus on the resulting polymorphs, crystal morphology, surface area, and particle dimensions. Special emphasis is given to sol–gel processes via glycolated precursor molecules as well as the miniemulsion technique. The functional properties of these materials and the differences to chemically identical, non-porous materials are illustrated using heterogeneous catalysis and electrochemical energy storage (battery materials) as example.

389 citations

Book
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a survey of the application of polysilicon and polycarbosilazenes in the following areas: 1.1.1 Chemical Vapor Deposition 3.2.2 Solid-State Reactions between Solid Compounds 2.3.4 Preceramic Polymers 3.4.5.
Abstract: Preface to the Second Edition. Foreword. Acknowledgements. Table of Contents. Abbreviations. 1 Introduction. 2 Solid-State Reactions. 2.1 Reactions Between Solid Compounds. 2.1.1 Ceramic Method. 2.1.2 Carbothermal Reduction. 2.1.3 Combustion Synthesis. 2.1.4 Sintering. 2.2 Solid-Gas Reactions. 2.3 Decomposition and Dehydration Reactions. 2.4 Intercalation Reactions. 2.4.1 General Aspects. 2.4.2 Preparative Methods. 2.4.3 Pillaring of Layered Compounds. 2.5. Further Reading. 3 Formation of Solids from the Gas Phase. 3.1 Chemical Vapor Transport. 3.2 Chemical Vapor Deposition. 3.2.1 General Aspects. 3.2.2 Metal CVD. 3.2.3 Diamond CVD. 3.2.4 CVD of Metal Oxides. 3.2.5 CVD of Metal Nitrides. 3.2.6 CVD of Compound Semiconductors. 3.3 Aerosol Processes. 3.4 Further Reading. 4 Formation of Solids from Solutions and Melts. 4.1 Glass. 4.1.1 The Structural Theory of Glass Formation. 4.1.2 Crystallization versus Glass Formation. 4.1.3 Glass Melting. 4.1.4 Metallic Glasses. 4.2 Precipitation. 4.3 Biomaterials. 4.3.1 Biogenic Materials and Biomineralization. 4.3.2 Synthetic Biomaterials. 4.3.3 Biomimetic Materials Chemistry. 4.4 Solvothermal Processes. 4.4.1 Hydrothermal Synthesis of Single Crystals. 4.4.2 Hydrothermal Synthesis. 4.4.3 Hydrothermal Leaching. 4.5 Sol-Gel Processes. 4.5.1 The Physics of Sols. 4.5.2 Sol-Gel Processing of Silicate Materials. 4.5.3 Sol-Gel Chemistry of Metal Oxides. 4.5.4 Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Materials. 4.6 Further Reading. 5 Preparation and Modification of Inorganic Polymers. 5.1 General Aspects. 5.1.1 Polymeric Materials. 5.1.2 Crosslinking. 5.1.3 Preceramic Polymers. 5.2 Polysiloxanes (Silicones). 5.2.1 Properties and Applications of Silicones. 5.2.2 Structure of Silicones. 5.2.3 Preparation of Silicones. 5.3 Polyphosphazenes. 5.3.1 Properties and Applications of Polyphosphazenes. 5.3.2 Preparation and Modification. 5.4 Polysilanes. 5.4.1 Properties and Applications of Polysilanes. 5.4.2 Preparation and Modification of Polysilanes. 5.4.3 Crosslinking of Polysilanes. 5.5 Polycarbosilanes. 5.5.1 SiC Fibers from Polycarbosilanes (Yajima Process). 5.5.2 Chemical Issues of Polymer Preparation, Curing and Pyrolysis. 5.6 Polysilazanes and Polycarbosilazanes. 5.6.1 Preparation of Polysilazanes and Polycarbosilazanes. 5.6.2 Curing and Pyrolysis Reactions. 5.7 Other Inorganic Polymers. 5.7.1 Other Phosphorus-Containing Polymers. 5.7.2 Poly(oxothiazenes). 5.7.3 Transition Metal-Containing Polymers. 5.7.4 Preceramic Polymers for BN. 5.8 Further Reading. 6 Porous Materials. 6.1 Introduction to Porosity. 6.2 Metallic Foams and Porous Metals. 6.2.1 Casting Techniques. 6.2.2 Gas-Eutectic Transformation. 6.2.3 Powder Metallurgy. 6.2.4 Metal Deposition. 6.3 Aerogels. 6.3.1 Drying Methods. 6.3.2 Properties and Applications. 6.4 Porous Solids with an Ordered Porosity. 6.4.1 Microporous Crystalline Solids. 6.4.2 Mesoporous Solids with Ordered Porosity. 6.4.3 Macroporous Solids with Ordered Porosity. 6.5 Incorporation of Functional Groups into Porous Materials. 6.6 Further Reading. 7 Nanostructured Materials. 7.1 Nanoparticles and Nanocrystalline Materials. 7.1.1 Nanocrystalline Ceramics. 7.1.2 Semiconductor Nanoparticles. 7.1.3 Metal Nanoparticles. 7.2 Nanotubes. 7.3 Mono- and Multilayers. 7.3.1 Multilayers of Inorganic Materials. 7.3.2 Langmuir Monolayers. 7.3.3 Self-assembled Monolayers. 7.4 Further Reading. 8 Glossary. Index.

252 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this review the focus is on sol-gel processing of inorganic and organic precursors with concurrently occurring microscopic and/or macroscopic phase separation for the formation of self-supporting monoliths.
Abstract: The development of synthetic routes to hierarchically organized porous materials containing multiple, discrete sets of pores having disparate length scales is of high interest for a wide range of applications. One possible route towards the formation of multilevel porous architectures relies on the processing of condensable, network forming precursors (sol–gel processes) in the presence of molecular porogens, lyotropic mesophases, supramolecular architectures, emulsions, organic polymers, or ice. In this review the focus is on sol–gel processing of inorganic and organic precursors with concurrently occurring microscopic and/or macroscopic phase separation for the formation of self-supporting monoliths. The potential and the limitations of the solution-based approaches is presented with special emphasis to recent examples of hierarchically organized silica, metal oxides and phosphates as well as carbon monoliths.

237 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Apr 1988-Nature
TL;DR: In this paper, a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) is presented.
Abstract: Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

9,929 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
12 Jun 2003-Nature
TL;DR: This work has shown that highly porous frameworks held together by strong metal–oxygen–carbon bonds and with exceptionally large surface area and capacity for gas storage have been prepared and their pore metrics systematically varied and functionalized.
Abstract: The long-standing challenge of designing and constructing new crystalline solid-state materials from molecular building blocks is just beginning to be addressed with success. A conceptual approach that requires the use of secondary building units to direct the assembly of ordered frameworks epitomizes this process: we call this approach reticular synthesis. This chemistry has yielded materials designed to have predetermined structures, compositions and properties. In particular, highly porous frameworks held together by strong metal-oxygen-carbon bonds and with exceptionally large surface area and capacity for gas storage have been prepared and their pore metrics systematically varied and functionalized.

8,013 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
18 Jan 2002-Science
TL;DR: Metal-organic framework (MOF-5), a prototype of a new class of porous materials and one that is constructed from octahedral Zn-O-C clusters and benzene links, was used to demonstrate that its three-dimensional porous system can be functionalized with the organic groups and can be expanded with the long molecular struts biphenyl, tetrahydropyrene, pyrene, and terphenyl.
Abstract: A strategy based on reticulating metal ions and organic carboxylate links into extended networks has been advanced to a point that allowed the design of porous structures in which pore size and functionality could be varied systematically. Metal-organic framework (MOF-5), a prototype of a new class of porous materials and one that is constructed from octahedral Zn-O-C clusters and benzene links, was used to demonstrate that its three-dimensional porous system can be functionalized with the organic groups –Br, –NH2, –OC3H7, –OC5H11, –C2H4, and –C4H4 and that its pore size can be expanded with the long molecular struts biphenyl, tetrahydropyrene, pyrene, and terphenyl. We synthesized an isoreticular series (one that has the same framework topology) of 16 highly crystalline materials whose open space represented up to 91.1% of the crystal volume, as well as homogeneous periodic pores that can be incrementally varied from 3.8 to 28.8 angstroms. One member of this series exhibited a high capacity for methane storage (240 cubic centimeters at standard temperature and pressure per gram at 36 atmospheres and ambient temperature), and others the lowest densities (0.41 to 0.21 gram per cubic centimeter) for a crystalline material at room temperature.

6,922 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the present status of lithium battery technology, then focus on its near future development and finally examine important new directions aimed at achieving quantum jumps in energy and power content.

4,363 citations