scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Author

Nicolas Caussé

Other affiliations: Paul Sabatier University
Bio: Nicolas Caussé is an academic researcher from University of Toulouse. The author has contributed to research in topics: Dielectric spectroscopy & Epoxy. The author has an hindex of 12, co-authored 31 publications receiving 400 citations. Previous affiliations of Nicolas Caussé include Paul Sabatier University.

Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the electrochemical behaviour of a commercial magnesium alloy containing rare-earth elements, the WE43, was investigated by electrochemical techniques in both sulphate and chloride solutions and compared to that of pure magnesium (9995 wt %).

81 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of the Terephthalyl/Isophthalyl isomers (T/I) ratio on the vitreous phase is investigated by combining differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis.
Abstract: Poly ether ketone ketone (PEKK) with different proportion of meta phenyl links were investigated by combining differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis. The influence of the Terephthalyl/Isophthalyl isomers (T/I) ratio on the vitreous phase is mild, the shift of the glass transition is limited to a few degrees and the vitreous G0 is only sensitive to the content of the crystalline phase. Contrarily, the increase of meta isomers is responsible for a significant decrease of the melting temperature (Tm) by 60 8C, which considerably facilitates processing. The modification of interchain interactions in the crystalline phase might be implied. A series of thermal protocols evidenced that the difference of crystallization behavior is also dependent upon the T/I isomer ratio. A time and temperature dependence of annealing on the double melting behavior of PEKK was observed. Regarding the mechanical behavior, the observed reinforcing effect due to the crystalline phase was more prominent in the rubbery state than in the glassy state.

69 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, electrochemical impedance data analysis was performed to extract physical parameters of the octadecylamine (ODA) thin film that formed on a P275 carbon steel surface.

59 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of polyetheretherketone composites were determined by Modulated-Temperature Differential Scanning Calorimetry and analyzed as a function of particles volume content and temperature.

54 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the capacitance and dielectric constant values were extracted from the EIS data in two ways: (i) by using a complex-capacitance representation and (ii) by fitting to the EM data a model that assumed an exponential distribution of coating resistivity.

51 citations


Cited by
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The different types of sublethal effects on beneficial arthropods, focusing mainly on honey bees and natural enemies, are characterized, and the methods used in these studies are described.
Abstract: Traditionally, measurement of the acute toxicity of pesticides to beneficial arthropods has relied largely on the determination of an acute median lethal dose or concentration. However, the estimated lethal dose during acute toxicity tests may only be a partial measure of the deleterious effects. In addition to direct mortality induced by pesticides, their sublethal effects on arthropod physiology and behavior must be considered for a complete analysis of their impact. An increasing number of studies and methods related to the identification and characterization of these effects have been published in the past 15 years. Review of sublethal effects reported in published literature, taking into account recent data, has revealed new insights into the sublethal effects of pesticides including effects on learning performance, behavior, and neurophysiology. We characterize the different types of sublethal effects on beneficial arthropods, focusing mainly on honey bees and natural enemies, and we describe the methods used in these studies. Finally, we discuss the potential for developing experimental approaches that take into account these sublethal effects in integrated pest management and the possibility of integrating their evaluation in pesticide registration procedures.

2,659 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The principal objective of this review is to summarize the present knowledge on the use, advances, advantages and weaknesses of a large number of experimental techniques that are available for the characterization of nanoparticles.
Abstract: Nanostructures have attracted huge interest as a rapidly growing class of materials for many applications. Several techniques have been used to characterize the size, crystal structure, elemental composition and a variety of other physical properties of nanoparticles. In several cases, there are physical properties that can be evaluated by more than one technique. Different strengths and limitations of each technique complicate the choice of the most suitable method, while often a combinatorial characterization approach is needed. In addition, given that the significance of nanoparticles in basic research and applications is constantly increasing, it is necessary that researchers from separate fields overcome the challenges in the reproducible and reliable characterization of nanomaterials, after their synthesis and further process (e.g. annealing) stages. The principal objective of this review is to summarize the present knowledge on the use, advances, advantages and weaknesses of a large number of experimental techniques that are available for the characterization of nanoparticles. Different characterization techniques are classified according to the concept/group of the technique used, the information they can provide, or the materials that they are destined for. We describe the main characteristics of the techniques and their operation principles and we give various examples of their use, presenting them in a comparative mode, when possible, in relation to the property studied in each case.

910 citations

01 Aug 2013
TL;DR: “내펴보았다” 현존하는 여덟 개의 〈뿔피리를 그림에 대한 한다 해석하고 있다.
Abstract: 본 연구는 현존하는 여덟 개의 〈뿔피리를 부는 제빵사〉 작품이 산발적으로 우연히 등장한 것이 아닌 서로 유기적인 영향관계를 주고 받으며 생산된 하나의 도상으로 살펴보았다. “뿔피리를 부는 제빵사” 그림에 대한 현재까지의 연구는 대부분 그림에 나타나 있는 다양한 빵들을 성만찬을 의미하는 종교적 상징으로 해석하고 있다. 이에 반해 본 연구는 “뿔피리를 부는 제빵사” 도상이 유독 17세기 중후반 네덜란드에서 생산된 사실에 주목하고, 그 이유를 동시대 네덜란드인들의 일상에 직접적인 영향을 주었던 빵의 생산 및 공급 그리고 유통과정에서 찾고자 한다. 여기에는 빵이 당대 네덜란드인들의 식생활 뿐 아니라 그들의 경제생활 더나아가 국가경제 전체에 어떤 중요한 역할을 했는지에 대한 연구가 선행되어야 한다. 주로 풍속화의 전통으로 해석되었던 “뿔피리를 부는 제빵사” 그림은 본 연구에서 풍속화와 초상화 두 장르가 혼합한 도상으로 다루어졌으며, 이제까지의 연구에서 미흡했던 초상화로서의 가능성이 적극적으로 제기되었다. 제빵사의 초상화 또는 화가의 자화상으로 생산된 〈뿔피리를 부는 제빵사〉의 시대적 배경에는 제빵사의 경제적 여유와 사회적 지위상승 그리고 제빵사를 영혼의 양식을 공급하는 고귀한 직업으로 승화시킨 칼비니즘의 영향이 있다. 제빵사들이 부를 축적할 수 있었던 배경에는 국가가 나서서 빵의 생산과 공급을 철저하게 관리해준 덕분이었다. 17세기 네덜란드의 제빵사들은 길드에 속해야만 빵을 팔 수 있었고 각 제빵사들의 빵 만드는 법은 외부인들에게 절대로 공개되지 않았다. 동시에 당시 네덜란드인들은 세금을 내지 않고는 빵을 먹기가 힘들었다. 이런 이유로 개인의 집에 오븐을 설치하는 것은 금지되었고, 빵은 꼭 관헌들에게 세금을 내는 합법적인 제빵사에게서만 살 수 있었다. 이렇게 17세기 네덜란드는 직업으로서 빵 굽는 사람을 보호하는 동시에 단속하기 위해 매우 엄격한 규정을 제정하였다. 17세기 네덜란드인들에게 빵은 그들의 식생활 뿐 아니라 그들의 다양한 직업과도 관련이 있었으며 빵의 생산과 유통과정에 개입한 국가의 권위와 통제를 상징하기도 한다. 빵의 생산과 유통에 붙는 세금은 국가의 경제를 지탱하고 발전시키는데 중요한 재원이었으며, 동시에 국민들을 엄격하게 관리함으로써 국가의 질서를 세우기 위한 효과적인 방편이었다. 빵가격은 변동이 심한 곡물가격과 빵의 크기에 따라서 엄격하게 결정되었다. 네덜란드정부는 평상시에 빵의 공식적인 무게와 가격을 고정시켰는데, 이는 다른 음식에서는 찾아볼 수 없는 유일한 관리방식이었다. 따라서 동시대 네덜란드인들에게 빵은 국가의 적극적인 개입과 관리체계를 통해서만 그들의 입에 넣을 수 있는 음식이었다. 이러한 맥락에서 볼 때, 본 연구에서 다룬 〈뿔피리를 부는 제빵사〉 그림에서 풍성하게 차려진 다양한 빵은 경제적인 풍요와 정치적인 안정을 의미한다. 여러 가지 다양한 음식 중에서도 빵이 이러한 의미를 가장 효과적으로 전달한다는 점에서 〈뿔피리를 부는 제빵사〉 그림에서 빵은 당시 네덜란드의 물질적 풍요뿐만 아니라 국가의 번영과 안녕을 의미한다고 볼 수 있다.

521 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The LOEC of imidacloprid was lower in summer bees than in winter bees, which points to a greater sensitivity of honeybees behaviour in summer Bees, compared to winter bees.
Abstract: To establish the sublethal concentrations domain, acute and chronic oral tests were conducted on caged honeybee workers (Apis mellifera L) using imidacloprid and a metabolite, 5-OH- imidacloprid, under laboratory conditions. The latter showed a 48-h oral LD 50 value (153ng per bee) five times higher than that of imidacloprid (30ng per bee). Chronic feeding tests indicated that the lowest observed effect concentrations (LOEC) of imidacloprid and of 5-OH-imidacloprid on mortality of winter bees were 24 and 120 m gk g 1 respectively. Behavioural effects of imidacloprid and 5-OH- imidacloprid were studied using the olfactory conditioning of proboscis extension response at two periods of the year. Winter bees surviving chronic treatment with imidacloprid and 5-OH-imida- cloprid had reduced learning performances. The LOEC of imidacloprid was lower in summer bees (12 m gk g 1 ) than in winter bees (48 m gk g 1 ), which points to a greater sensitivity of honeybees beha- viour in summer bees, compared to winter bees. # 2003 Society of Chemical Industry

275 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The impairment of medium-term olfactory memory by imidacloprid is discussed in the context of neural circuits suspected to mediate memory formation in the honeybee brain.

264 citations