Traditional supplements of selenium generally have a low degree of absorption and increased toxicity. Therefore, it is imperative to develop innovative systems as transporters of selenium compounds, which would raise the bioavailability of this element and allow its controlled release in the organism. Nanoscale selenium has attracted a great interest as a food additive especially in individuals with selenium deficiency, but also as a therapeutic agent without significant side effects in medicine. This review is focused on the incorporation of nanotechnological applications, in particular exploring the possibilities of a more effective way of administration, especially in selenium-deficient organisms. In addition, this review summarizes the survey of knowledge on selenium nanoparticles, their biological effects in the organism, advantages, absorption mechanisms, and nanotechnological applications for peroral administration.

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Nano-selenium and its nanomedicine applications: a critical review.

Antimicrobial food packaging based on sustainable Bio-based materials for reducing foodborne Pathogens: A review

Green synthesis of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles by Trigonella foenum-graecum extract and its antimicrobial properties.

Currently, the emergence and ongoing dissemination of antimicrobial resistance among bacteria are critical health and economic issue, leading to increased rates of morbidity and mortality related to bacterial infections. Research and development for new antimicrobial agents is currently needed to overcome this problem. Among the different approaches studied, bacteriocins seem to be a promising possibility. These molecules are peptides naturally synthesized by ribosomes, produced by both Gram-positive bacteria (GPB) and Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), which will allow these bacteriocin producers to survive in highly competitive polymicrobial environment. Bacteriocins exhibit antimicrobial activity with variable spectrum depending on the peptide, which may target several bacteria. Already used in some areas such as agro-food, bacteriocins may be considered as interesting candidates for further development as antimicrobial agents used in health contexts, particularly considering the issue of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this review is to present an updated global report on the biology of bacteriocins produced by GPB and GNB, as well as their antibacterial activity against relevant bacterial pathogens, and especially against multidrug-resistant bacteria.

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02889866/document

Bacteriocins, Antimicrobial Peptides from Bacterial Origin: Overview of Their Biology and Their Impact against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria.

The science of nutritional biology has progressed extensively over the last decade to develop food-based nutraceuticals as a form of highly personalized medicine or therapeutic agent. Finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) is a crop with potentially tremendous but under-explored source of nutraceutical properties as compared to other regularly consumed cereals. In the era of growing divide and drawback of nutritional security, these characteristics must be harnessed to develop finger millet as a novel functional food. In addition, introgression of these traits into other staple crops can improve the well-being of the general population on a global scale. The objective of this review is to emphasize the importance of biofortification of finger millet in context of universal health and nutritional crisis. We have specifically highlighted the role that recent biotechnological advancements have to offer for enrichment of its nutritional value and how these developments can commission to the field of nutritional biology by opening new avenues for future research.

Nutraceutical Value of Finger Millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.], and Their Improvement Using Omics Approaches.

The main aim of the present work was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of selenium and silver biogenic nanoparticles and further characterize them. The bacterial colony isolated from coal mine sample was found to reduce selenium and silver ions to their elemental forms respectively. Under experimental conditions, the isolated bacterium was capable of synthesising these nanoparticles which was indicated by the change in the colour of the medium to red for selenium and brown for silver. The effectiveness of these nanoparticles were tested against four clinical pathogens Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Staphylococcus aureus. The nanoparticles synthesised were then characterized by X-Ray diffraction analysis, Atomic Force Microscopy, UV-Vis analysis and Transmission Electron Microscopy. The sizes of these nanoparticles were also calibrated.

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Biosynthesis of silver and selenium nanoparticles by Bacillus sp. JAPSK2 and evaluation of antimicrobial activity

There are many antibiotic-resistant microbial pathogens that have emerged in recent years causing normal infections to become harder and sometimes impossible to treat. The major mechanisms of acquired resistance are the ability of the microorganisms to destroy or modify the drug, alter the drug target, reduce uptake or increase efflux of the drug and replace the metabolic step targeted by the drug. However, in recent years, resistant strains have been reported from almost every environment. New antimicrobial compounds are of major importance because of the growing problem of bacterial resistance, and antimicrobial peptides have been gaining a lot of interest. Their mechanism of action, however, is often obscure. Antimicrobial peptides are widespread and have a major role in innate immunity. An increasing number of peptides capable of inhibiting microbial growth are being reviewed here. In this article, we consider the possible use of antimicrobial peptides against pathogens.

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Ribosomally synthesized peptides from natural sources

Phenolic acids from finger millet (Eleusine coracana) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) were isolated as fractions in an organic solvent and their anticancer and antimicrobial properties were evaluated. Antimicrobial properties were studied using Kirby Bauer well diffusion technique and the polyphenols of millet showed antimicrobial activity on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella dysenteriae, Enterococcus sp. and Salmonella sp. GC-MS analysis was done to confirm the compounds present in the extract. The cytotoxicity assay was done to screen for the anticancer activity against HepG2 hepatic cancer cell lines. Further, in silico studies were performed using AutoDock 4.0 to validate the antimicrobial results obtained. From the observation, it could be inferred that millet polyphenols of millets could be used as a natural source of antimicrobials and antioxidants, especially for minimizing the risk of diseases arising from oxidative deterioration and also cytotoxic effects.

https://www.thepharmajournal.com/archives/2015/vol3issue11/PartB/16.1-393.pdf

Evaluation of antimicrobial and anticancer properties of finger millet (Eleusine coracana) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) extracts

The cocoa leaf (CL), seeds (CS) and pod (CP) were studied for the estimation of medicinal properties that they contain and the focus was screening for anticancer ability. Extraction of the samples in Soxhlet apparatus was done with methanol as the solvent followed by phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant assay and anticancer activity. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) showed the number of compounds in hexane:ethyl acetate: methanol solvent system for cocoa pod and chloroform:methanol solvent for cocoa leaf under UV illuminator. The antimicrobial assay by agar well diffusion method of cocoa seeds showed zone of inhibition against pathogens Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella sp. and Shigella dysenteriae. Further, antioxidant assay was performed using DPPH radical scavenging assay. The sample was then tested for cytotoxicity assay against MG63 osteosarcoma cell lines and active compounds were identified by doing Gas chromatography and Mass spectroscopy (GCMS).

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Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of Theobroma cacao extracts

In the present study, bioactivity of Emblica officinalis and Phyllanthus emblica leaves and fruit extract with methanol as the solvent was evaluated. Antimicrobial activity against nine clinical pathogens, viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus sp., Proteus mirabilis, Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella sp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was determined. The methanol extraction of Emblica officinalis and Phyllanthus emblica leaves and fruits were performed using Soxhlet apparatus. The antimicrobial analysis showed that the extracts were more effective against Gram negative bacteria than Gram positive bacteria. Antioxidant activity was performed by DPPH assay followed by cytotoxicity against MG63 osteosarcoma cell lines which was found to be profoundly significant. The leaf extract of both Emblica officinalis and Phyllanthus emblica was proved to be more effective than the leaf extract. The extracts were analyzed through thin layer chromatography (TLC) and maximum Rf value was observed with chloroform:ethyl acetate: acetic acid. GC-MS analysis of extracts was also done to identify the

Nidhi Singh

Papers

Biosynthesis of silver and selenium nanoparticles by Bacillus sp. JAPSK2 and evaluation of antimicrobial activity

Ribosomally synthesized peptides from natural sources

Evaluation of antimicrobial and anticancer properties of finger millet (Eleusine coracana) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) extracts

Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of Theobroma cacao extracts

Pharmaceutical Properties of Emblica officinalis and Phyllanthus emblica Extracts.