The present work demonstrated a novel Cleome simplicifolia-mediated green fabrication of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) to explore in vitro toxicity in Bm-17 and Labeo rohita liver cells. As-fabricated bioinspired NiO NPs were characterized by several analytical techniques. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed a crystalline face-centered-cubic structure. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed NiO formation. The chemical composition was confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) revealed the mesoporous nature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the formation of 97 nm diameter nanospheres formed due to the congregation of 10 nm size particles. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed the nearly isotropic behavior of NiO NPs. Further, a molecular docking study was performed to explore their toxicity by binding with genetic molecules, and it was found that the docking energy was about −9.65284 kcal/mol. On evaluating the in vitro toxicity of NiO NPs for Bm-17 cells, the study showed that when cells were treated with a high concentration of NPs, cells were affected severely by toxicity, while at a lower concentration, cells were affected slightly. Further, on using 50 μg/mL, quick deaths of cells were observed due to the formation of more vacuoles in the cells. The DNA degradation study revealed that NiO NPs are significantly responsible for DNA degradation. For further confirmation, trypan blue assay was observed for cell viability, and morphological assessment was performed using inverted tissue culture microscopy. Further, the cytotoxicity of NiO NPs in L. rohita liver cells was studied. No toxicity was observed at 1 mg/L of NiO NPs; however, when the concentration was 30 and 90 mg/L, dark and shrank hepatic parenchyma was observed. Hence, the main cause of cell lysis is the increased vacuolization in the cells. Thus, the present study suggests that the cytotoxicity induced by NiO NPs could be used in anticancer drugs.

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsomega.1c06544

Bioinspired NiO Nanospheres: Exploring In Vitro Toxicity Using Bm-17 and L. rohita Liver Cells, DNA Degradation, Docking, and Proposed Vacuolization Mechanism

Waste to catalyst: Role of agricultural waste in water and wastewater treatment.

The great interest attached to Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) are traceable to its distinctive properties such as rigidity, high yield strength, high surface-to-volume ratio, hardness, flexibility and ductility. CuNPs have shown several applications such as catalytic, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antifungal activities. Recently, Cu-NPs has gain a lot of importance comparable with gold and silver in several fields, it also offer additional benefit of been cheaper. The biosynthesis of Cu-NPs has been recommended as a valuable substitute to both the physical and chemical methods because its ecofriendly, relative cheap and entails easy process. The synthesis of Cu-NPs from plant extracts had gained significant attention over the years and its massive contribution to numerous industries and institutes is alarming. This review present a detailed report on eco-friendly methods for Cu-NPs synthesis and also highlighted factors influencing the synthesis of Cu-NPs from plant sources. The characterization techniques needed for Cu-NPs analysis are well discussed. Detailed benefits of phyto-synthesized Cu-NPs in biomedical field, agricultural section and environmental control are comprehensively discussed.

Green chemistry approach towards the synthesis of copper nanoparticles and its potential applications as therapeutic agents and environmental control

The present study successfully investigated the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Lavandula coronopifolia. The formation of Ag NPs was confirmed through color change as well as the UV/visible spectra. Further, characterizations were achieved using Fourier Transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and dynamic light scatting measurements (DLS). The collected isolates (twelve isolates) were identified microscopically as 8 Candida and 4 Aspergillus isolates. The Ag NPs exhibited excellent antifungal activity results against tested isolates compared with L. coronopifolia extract and the antifungal standard (Ketoconazole) with p < 0.01. Ag NPs showed highly significant results towards C. albicans, C. tropicalis, A. fumigatus, and A. niger with MICs ranges of 1.7–0.7 μg/ml (p < 0.01). Depending on the stability and the effective diameters of the prepared Ag NPs using L. coronopifolia extract, it could be used as a simple, green preparation, eco-friendly, and low costs process that can be applied to the veterinary sector. 

Green silver nanoparticles based on Lavandula coronopifolia aerial parts extract against mycotic mastitis in cattle

Recently, the synthesis of nanoparticles using phytoextracts has been focused worldwide due to their reduced chemical toxicity. We prepared NiO and Co-doped NiO nanoparticles using Murraya Koenigii leaf extracts to replace synthetic bactericides. The prepared samples were characterized by XRD, UV–Vis, FTIR, SEM, and EDAX analytical techniques. According to XRD analysis, the green synthesised NiO and Co-doped NiO nanoparticles have a crystalline cubic structure. NiO and Co-doped NiO nanoparticles showed a characteristic absorption peak at 348 nm. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the functional groups of biomolecules present in the synthesised materials. The size of the prepared nanoparticles was found to be 80–250 nm as observed through SEM analysis. Enhanced antibacterial activity was observed for Co doped NiO against gram negative (Klebsiella pneumonia, Shigella dysenteriae ), gram positive ( Staphylococcus aureus , and Bacillus) bacterial strains. • Murraya Koenigii leaf extracts assisted green synthesis was adopted to prepare NiO and Co doped NiO nanoparticles. • The effect of Co doping on structural, optical and morphological properties of NiO nanoparticles were analysed. • The excellent antimicrobial activity of pure and doped NiO nanoparticles were reported. 

Murraya koenigii mediated synthesis of cobalt doped NiO nanoparticles: Evaluation of structural, optical properties and anti-bacterial activity

Green synthesis of copper-doped nickel oxide nanoparticles using okra plant extract for the evaluation of their cytotoxicity and photocatalytic properties

Niloufar Khandannasab

Papers

Green synthesis of copper-doped nickel oxide nanoparticles using okra plant extract for the evaluation of their cytotoxicity and photocatalytic properties