Niranjan Sahoo

Bio: Niranjan Sahoo is an academic researcher from Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati. The author has contributed to research in topics: Diesel fuel & Diesel engine. The author has an hindex of 22, co-authored 132 publications receiving 2044 citations. Previous affiliations of Niranjan Sahoo include National Institute of Science Education and Research.

Effect of engine parameters and type of gaseous fuel on the performance of dual-fuel gas diesel engines—A critical review

Abstract: Petroleum resources are finite and, therefore, search for their alternative non-petroleum fuels for internal combustion engines is continuing all over the world. Moreover gases emitted by petroleum fuel driven vehicles have an adverse effect on the environment and human health. There is universal acceptance of the need to reduce such emissions. Towards this, scientists have proposed various solutions for diesel engines, one of which is the use of gaseous fuels as a supplement for liquid diesel fuel. These engines, which use conventional diesel fuel and gaseous fuel, are referred to as ‘dual-fuel engines’. Natural gas and bio-derived gas appear more attractive alternative fuels for dual-fuel engines in view of their friendly environmental nature. In the gas-fumigated dual-fuel engine, the primary fuel is mixed outside the cylinder before it is inducted into the cylinder. A pilot quantity of liquid fuel is injected towards the end of the compression stroke to initiate combustion. When considering a gaseous fuel for use in existing diesel engines, a number of issues which include, the effects of engine operating and design parameters, and type of gaseous fuel, on the performance of the dual-fuel engines, are important. This paper reviews the research on above issues carried out by various scientists in different diesel engines. This paper touches upon performance, combustion and emission characteristics of dual-fuel engines which use natural gas, biogas, producer gas, methane, liquefied petroleum gas, propane, etc. as gaseous fuel. It reveals that ‘dual-fuel concept’ is a promising technique for controlling both NOx and soot emissions even on existing diesel engine. But, HC, CO emissions and ‘bsfc’ are higher for part load gas diesel engine operations. Thermal efficiency of dual-fuel engines improve either with increased engine speed, or with advanced injection timings, or with increased amount of pilot fuel. The ignition characteristics of the gaseous fuels need more research for a long-term use in a dual-fuel engine. It is found that, the selection of engine operating and design parameters play a vital role in minimizing the performance divergences between an existing diesel engine and a ‘gas diesel engine’.

A comprehensive review on the application of emulsions as an alternative fuel for diesel engines

Abstract: Diesel engine is one of the most efficient and reliable energy conversion devices available till date. During the beginning of twentieth century, the plenty of low cost diesel have engrossed people to run diesel engines with diesel. However, after more than a century, the scenario has just been reversed. The frantic use of diesel has now led to a situation where the global fossil diesel storage may last merely for a few decades. As a result, the price of diesel has reached to a momentous height. This is coupled with the serious environmental pollution created by its burning. These facts have stimulated researchers around the globe to search for suitable, sustainable, renewable, and cheap alternative to diesel fuel, which is environmentally benign too. Among many solutions proposed, emulsified fuel is one of them, which comes under the fuel modification techniques. In this method, two or more mutually immiscible fluids are mixed together, which is expected to run a diesel engine and replicate its performance, combustion and emission characteristics. The most explored emulsified fuel in a diesel engine is the water in diesel emulsion. Alongside, the emulsions prepared with animal fat, methanol, ethanol and few studies with emulsified biodiesels have also been reported. The present paper attempts to accumulate most of these studies under a single shed. Efforts have been made to analyze the numerous studies on emulsified fuel both qualitatively and quantitatively. The paper starts giving an introduction to the types of emulsion, their characteristics, and the criteria of preparing an effective emulsion, followed by the review of their performance, combustion, emission and spray characteristics when run in a diesel engine. At the end, some of the significant points have been addressed based on the extensive review on the state-of-the-art literature, followed by some possibilities of future research.

I and i

Abstract: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality. Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

Experimental Methods for Engineers

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