There has been an enormous amount of research in recent years in the area of thermo-chemical conversion of biomass into bio-fuels (bio-oil, bio-char and bio-gas) through pyrolysis technology due to its several socio-economic advantages as well as the fact it is an efficient conversion method compared to other thermo-chemical conversion technologies. However, this technology is not yet fully developed with respect to its commercial applications. In this study, more than two hundred publications are reviewed, discussed and summarized, with the emphasis being placed on the current status of pyrolysis technology and its potential for commercial applications for bio-fuel production. Aspects of pyrolysis technology such as pyrolysis principles, biomass sources and characteristics, types of pyrolysis, pyrolysis reactor design, pyrolysis products and their characteristics and economics of bio-fuel production are presented. It is found from this study that conversion of biomass to bio-fuel has to overcome challenges such as understanding the trade-off between the size of the pyrolysis plant and feedstock, improvement of the reliability of pyrolysis reactors and processes to become viable for commercial applications. Further study is required to achieve a better understanding of the economics of biomass pyrolysis for bio-fuel production, as well as resolving issues related to the capabilities of this technology in practical application.

https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/1011788.pdf

Biofuels production through biomass pyrolysis - a technological review.

This paper presents a review of the turn of events and points of view of biogas in and its utilization for power, heat and in transport in the European Union (EU) and its Member States. Biogas creation has expanded in the EU, empowered by the sustainable power strategies, notwithstanding monetary, ecological and atmosphere benefits, to arrive at 18 billion m3 methane (654 PJ) in 2015, speaking to half of the worldwide biogas creation. The EU is the world chief in biogas power creation, with more than 10 GW introduced and various 17,400 biogas plants, in contrast with the worldwide biogas limit of 15 GW in 2015. In the EU, biogas conveyed 127 TJ of warmth and 61 TWh of power in 2015; about half of absolute biogas utilization in Europe was bound to warm age. Europe is the world's driving maker of biomethane for the utilization as a vehicle fuel or for infusion into the petroleum gas network, with 459 plants in 2015 creating 1.2 billion m3 and 340 plants taking care of into the gas network, with a limit of 1.5 million m3. Around 697 biomethane filling stations guaranteed the utilization 160 million m3 of biomethane as a transport fuel in 2015.

https://www.longdom.org/open-access/biogas-developments-and-perspectives-in-europe.pdf

Biogas Developments and Perspectives in Europe

Experimental investigation on the combustion and exhaust emission characteristics of biogas–biodiesel dual-fuel combustion in a CI engine

Effect of compression ratio on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a dual fuel diesel engine run on raw biogas

Alternative fuel and gasoline in an SI engine: A comparative study of performance and emissions characteristics

https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/4164984/file/4164998.pdf

Combustion and emissions characteristics of a dual fuel engine operated on alternative gaseous fuels

A Study of the Emissions of a Dual Fuel Engine Operating with Alternative Gaseous Fuels

Spark-ignition engine performance with ‘Powergas’ fuel (mixture of CO/H2): A comparison with gasoline and natural gas

Study of production optimization and effect of hydroxyl gas on a CI engine performance and emission fueled with biodiesel blends

https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/1090986.pdf

Nirendra N. Mustafi

Papers

Combustion and emissions characteristics of a dual fuel engine operated on alternative gaseous fuels

A Study of the Emissions of a Dual Fuel Engine Operating with Alternative Gaseous Fuels

Spark-ignition engine performance with ‘Powergas’ fuel (mixture of CO/H2): A comparison with gasoline and natural gas

Study of production optimization and effect of hydroxyl gas on a CI engine performance and emission fueled with biodiesel blends

Thermal Recycling of Solid Tire Wastes for Alternative Liquid Fuel: The First Commercial Step in Bangladesh☆