Author
Noel W. Solomons
Other affiliations: University of Guelph, Harvard University, University of Pennsylvania ...read more
Bio: Noel W. Solomons is an academic researcher from Tufts University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Population & Zinc. The author has an hindex of 50, co-authored 449 publications receiving 9825 citations. Previous affiliations of Noel W. Solomons include University of Guelph & Harvard University.
Topics: Population, Zinc, Vitamin, Lactose, Micronutrient
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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Journal Article•
527 citations
311 citations
TL;DR: The possibility that intrinsic iron in formulas for feeding infants and in vitamin-mineral supplement might inhibit the absorption of zinc justifies concern about the Fe/Zn ratio in the formulation of these products.
298 citations
TL;DR: Consideration of solutions to these problems, including conscious adjustment of the Fe/Zn ratios in human diets, foods and therapeutic nutrient supplements in order to reduce the zinc-inhibiting effects of iron, should become a priority in policy and marketing discussions within government regulatory agencies, industry and the scientific community of human and clinical nutritionists.
Abstract: The degree to which inhibitors of zinc bioavailability actually influence the zinc status of humans who consume usual meals and diets is not known. The interaction of iron and zinc and competitive inhibition of zinc uptake by excess iron in ratios of 2:1 or greater, when the total amount of ionic species is greater than 25 mg, appear to have a measurable effect on human zinc nutriture. The physiological basis is the competition of these chemically similar ions for some portions of a common absorptive pathway shared between inorganic (nonheme) iron and zinc; this has been demonstrated in animal experiments and in zinc absorption studies in human volunteers. Thus, studies involving formula-fed infants, experimental zinc-depletion diets and pregnant women who took prenatal vitamin-mineral supplements containing high levels of iron have shown growth delay (infants) and a decreased circulating zinc pool (all age groups), suggesting a determinant impact of excessively high Fe/Zn ratios in the diet. Consideration of solutions to these problems, including conscious adjustment of the Fe/Zn ratios in human diets, foods and therapeutic nutrient supplements in order to reduce the zinc-inhibiting effects of iron, should become a priority in policy and marketing discussions within government regulatory agencies, industry and the scientific community of human and clinical nutritionists.
245 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The methodology for measuring in vivo oxidation of substrates labeled with the nonradioactive carbon isotope 13C has been developed with isotope ratio mass spectrometry and the precision of CO2 breath tests using 13C is limited by the natural fluctuations of the ratio of 13C/12C in expired CO2.
179 citations
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TL;DR: It is concluded that damage suffered in early life leads to permanent impairment, and might also affect future generations, as undernutrition is associated with lower human capital and its prevention will probably bring about important health, educational, and economic benefits.
3,341 citations
TL;DR: Majors topics addressed in this review on zinc physiology are chemistry and biochemistry; interface of biochemistry and physiology of zinc; physiology and cell and molecular biology; and pathology.
Abstract: Majors topics addressed in this review on zinc physiology are ; 1) chemistry and biochemistry; 2) interface of biochemistry and physiology of zinc; 3) physiology and cell and molecular biology; 4) pathology
2,850 citations
TL;DR: The findings show that the interventions needed to achieve the millennium development goal of reducing child mortality by two-thirds by 2015 are available, but that they are not being delivered to the mothers and children who need them.
2,430 citations
TL;DR: The future use of prebiotics may allow species-level changes in the microbiota, an extrapolation into genera other than the bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, and allow preferential use in disease-prone areas of the body.
Abstract: Prebiotics are non-digestible (by the host) food ingredients that have a beneficial effect through their selective metabolism in the intestinal tract. Key to this is the specificity of microbial changes. The present paper reviews the concept in terms of three criteria: (a) resistance to gastric acidity, hydrolysis by mammalian enzymes and gastrointestinal absorption; (b) fermentation by intestinal microflora; (c) selective stimulation of the growth and/or activity of intestinal bacteria associated with health and wellbeing. The conclusion is that prebiotics that currently fulfil these three criteria are fructo-oligosaccharides, galacto-oligosaccharides and lactulose, although promise does exist with several other dietary carbohydrates. Given the range of food vehicles that may be fortified by prebiotics, their ability to confer positive microflora changes and the health aspects that may accrue, it is important that robust technologies to assay functionality are used. This would include a molecular-based approach to determine flora changes. The future use of prebiotics may allow species-level changes in the microbiota, an extrapolation into genera other than the bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, and allow preferential use in disease-prone areas of the body.
2,312 citations
TL;DR: To eliminate stunting in the longer term, existing interventions that were designed to improve nutrition and prevent related disease could reduce stunting at 36 months by 36%; mortality between birth and 36 monthsBy about 25%; and disability-adjusted life-years associated with stunting, severe wasting, intrauterine growth restriction, and micronutrient deficiencies by about 25%.
2,114 citations