Nur Amira Khairil Anwar

Bio: Nur Amira Khairil Anwar is an academic researcher from Universiti Sains Malaysia. The author has contributed to research in topics: Cancer & Antibody. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 1 citations.

Prognostic prospect of soluble programmed cell death ligand-1 in cancer management.

Abstract: Aggressive tissue biopsy is commonly unavoidable in the management of most suspected tumor cases to conclusively verify the presence of cancerous cells through histological assessment. The extracted tissue is also immunostained for detection of antigens (tissue tumor markers) of potential prognostic or therapeutic importance to assist in treatment decision. Although liquid biopsies can be a powerful tool for monitoring treatment response, they are still excluded from standard cancer diagnostics, and their utility is still being debated in the scientific community. With a myriad of soluble tissue tumor markers now being discovered, liquid biopsies could completely change the current paradigms of cancer management. Recently, soluble programmed cell death ligand-1 (sPD-L1), which is found in the peripheral blood, i.e. serum and plasma, has shown potential as a pre-therapeutic predictive marker as well as a prognostic biomarker to monitor treatment efficacy. Thus, this review focuses on the emergence of sPD-L1 and promising technologies for its detection in order to support liquid biopsies for future cancer management.

Development and characterisation of mouse monoclonal antibody against ‘neonatal’ Nav1.5

Abstract: ‘Neonatal’ Nav1.5 (nNav1.5) is a potent tumour metastasis marker found especially in aggressive human breast cancer cells in vitro, in tumour tissues of in vivo metastatic animal models and in patients positive for lymph-node metastasis. Its expression has been recently described in human brain neuroblastoma and astrocytoma. However, a thorough understanding of nNav1.5’s role in cancers has been limited by the lack of specific antibodies against it. Here, a mouse monoclonal antibody, 4H8 mAb-nNav1.5, was obtained and characterised concerning its efficacy in detecting nNav1.5 using indirect ELISA, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), Western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. 4H8 mAb-nNav1.5 was selected from a panel of hybridoma clones raised against nNav1.5 specific peptide (15 mers). The antibody exhibited linear association against nNav1.5 specific-linear peptide in indirect ELISA and was supported by SPR. The antibody also demonstrated strong immunoreactivity in immunofluorescence imaging of nNav1.5-abundant cells, human and mouse aggressive breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 and 4T1, respectively, which was not observed in nNav1.5-deficient cells, human less aggressive breast cancer cells, MCF-7 and non-cancerous breast epithelial cells, MCF-10A. This study demonstrates the initial description of 4H8 mAb-nNav1.5, which could serve as a beneficial tool to enhance future studies on nNav1.5 expression and function in cancers.

Circulating proteins as predictive and prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer

Abstract: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer and among the leading causes of cancer death in women. It is a heterogeneous group of tumours with numerous morphological and molecular subtypes, making predictions of disease evolution and patient outcomes difficult. Therefore, biomarkers are needed to help clinicians choose the best treatment for each patient. For the last years, studies have increasingly focused on biomarkers obtainable by liquid biopsy. Circulating proteins (from serum or plasma) can be used for inexpensive and minimally invasive determination of disease risk, early diagnosis, treatment adjusting, prognostication and disease progression monitoring. We provide here a review of the main published studies on serum proteins in breast cancer and elaborate on the potential of circulating proteins to be predictive and/or prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer.

Circulating proteins as predictive and prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer

Abstract: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer and among the leading causes of cancer death in women. It is a heterogeneous group of tumours with numerous morphological and molecular subtypes, making predictions of disease evolution and patient outcomes difficult. Therefore, biomarkers are needed to help clinicians choose the best treatment for each patient. For the last years, studies have increasingly focused on biomarkers obtainable by liquid biopsy. Circulating proteins (from serum or plasma) can be used for inexpensive and minimally invasive determination of disease risk, early diagnosis, treatment adjusting, prognostication and disease progression monitoring. We provide here a review of the main published studies on serum proteins in breast cancer and elaborate on the potential of circulating proteins to be predictive and/or prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer.

Prognostic value of soluble programmed cell death-1 (sPD-1) and soluble programmed cell death ligand-1 (sPD-L1) for hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract: Preliminary studies have suggested that soluble programmed death-1 (sPD-1) and soluble programmed cell death ligand-1 (sPD-L1) have prognostic implications in many malignant tumors. However, the correlation between sPD-1/sPD-L1 level and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unclear. We searched several electronic databases from database inception to October 7, 2021. Meta-analyses were performed separately for overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), time to progression (TTP), and tumor-free survival (TFS). Random effects were introduced to this meta-analysis. The correlation between sPD-1/sPD-L1 level and prognosis was evaluated using hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). A total of 11 studies (1291 patients) were incorporated into this meta-analysis, including seven on sPD-L1, two on sPD-1, and two about both factors. The pooled results showed that high sPD-L1 level was associated with worse OS (HR = 2.46, 95%CI 1.74–3.49, P < 0.001; I2 = 31.4, P = 0.177) and poorer DFS/RFS/TTP/TFS of patients with HCC (HR = 2.22, 95%CI 1.47–3.35, P < 0.001; I2 = 66.1, P = 0.011), irrespective of method of detection, study type, treatment, cut-off value and follow-up time. In contrast, the level of sPD-1 was not correlated to the OS (HR = 1.19, 95%CI 0.55–2.56, P = 0.657) and DFS/TFS of patients with HCC (HR = 0.94, 95%CI 0.36–2.49, P = 0.906). sPD-L1 rather than sPD-1 could be a good predictor for recurrence and survival after treatment for HCC. More high-quality prospective studies are warranted to assess the prognostic value of sPD-1 or sPD-L1 for HCC.

Prognostic value of soluble programmed cell death ligand-1 in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis.

Abstract: Background: Previously published data was collected and a meta-analysis was conducted to precisely identify the prognostic and clinicopathological significance of soluble programmed cell death ligand-1 (sPD-L1) in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials & methods: Combined hazard ratios (HRs), odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were used to assess the correlation between sPD-L1 expression and prognosis in patients with NSCLC. Results: A total of 11 studies with 976 patients were included in this meta-analysis. High levels of sPD-L1 were associated with poor overall and progression-free survival (HR: 2.65, 95% CI: 2.32-3.02; p < 0.001 vs HR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.24-3.29; p = 0.005). sPD-L1 level was not significantly correlated with sex, smoking status, age, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, subtype or EGFR mutation. Conclusion: High levels of sPD-L1 are a prognostic marker for poor survival in patients with NSCLC.

Research progress and value of albumin-related inflammatory markers in the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer: a review of clinical evidence

Abstract: Abstract Inflammatory markers have a wide range of predictive values in the prognosis of non-small lung cancer (NSCLC). Poor nutritional status usually means a poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC, which is widely recognized by oncologists and nutritionists. Serum albumin has a certain value in evaluating the prognosis of patients. Several inflammatory albumin-related markers have been proposed, but they have not been widely used in predicting the prognosis of NSCLC in clinical practice. We aim to systematically review the published clinical evidence of albumin-related inflammatory markers in predicting the prognosis of NSCLC and to describe their progress and value. The results showed that the markers included in the review could be prognostic indicators in patients with NSCLC. However, we found that the cut-off value of albumin-related inflammatory markers with quantitative nature was very chaotic and needed to be defined by recognized standards. We summarized and compared the advantages and disadvantages of these markers, but a prospective cohort study with long-term follow-up after adjustment for important confounders is still necessary. Whether the results and conclusions could be directly applied in clinical practice needs to be identified and evaluated. There is an urgent need to classify and standardize the albumin-related inflammatory markers that play an important role in the prognosis of NSCLC, which is the key to ensuring the transformation from clinical study to clinical application.