다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

We present updated leading-order, next-to-leading order and next-to-next-to-leading order parton distribution functions (“MSTW 2008”) determined from global analysis of hard-scattering data within the standard framework of leading-twist fixed-order collinear factorisation in the $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$
 
scheme. These parton distributions supersede the previously available “MRST” sets and should be used for the first LHC data taking and for the associated theoretical calculations. New data sets fitted include CCFR/NuTeV dimuon cross sections, which constrain the strange-quark and -antiquark distributions, and Tevatron Run II data on inclusive jet production, the lepton charge asymmetry from W decays and the Z rapidity distribution. Uncertainties are propagated from the experimental errors on the fitted data points using a new dynamic procedure for each eigenvector of the covariance matrix. We discuss the major changes compared to previous MRST fits, briefly compare to parton distributions obtained by other fitting groups, and give predictions for the W and Z total cross sections at the Tevatron and LHC.

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Parton distributions for the LHC

KamLAND has measured the flux of nu;(e)'s from distant nuclear reactors. We find fewer nu;(e) events than expected from standard assumptions about nu;(e) propagation at the 99.95% C.L. In a 162 ton.yr exposure the ratio of the observed inverse beta-decay events to the expected number without nu;(e) disappearance is 0.611+/-0.085(stat)+/-0.041(syst) for nu;(e) energies >3.4 MeV. In the context of two-flavor neutrino oscillations with CPT invariance, all solutions to the solar neutrino problem except for the "large mixing angle" region are excluded.

First Results from KamLAND: Evidence for Reactor Anti-Neutrino Disappearance

In a theory with linear confinement, such as QCD, the masses squared m^2 of mesons with high spin S or high radial excitation number n are expected, from semiclassical arguments, to grow linearly with S and n. We show that this behavior can be reproduced within a putative 5-dimensional theory holographically dual to QCD (AdS/QCD). With the assumption that such a dual theory exists and describes highly excited mesons as well, we show that asymptotically linear m^2 spectrum translates into a strong constraint on the INFRARED behavior of that theory. In the simplest model which obeys such a constraint we find m^2 ~ (n+S).

Linear confinement and AdS/QCD

In this paper, we review recent progress on the holographic understanding of the entanglement entropy in the anti-de Sitter space/conformal field theory (AdS/CFT) correspondence. In general, the AdS/CFT relates physical observables in strongly coupled quantum many-body systems to certain classical quantities in gravity plus matter theories. In the case of our holographic entanglement entropy, its gravity dual turns out to be purely geometric, i.e. the area of minimal area surfaces in AdS spaces. One interesting application is to study various phase transitions by regarding the entanglement entropy as order parameters. Indeed we will see that our holographic calculations nicely reproduce the confinement/deconfinement transition. Our results can also be applied to understanding the microscopic origins of black hole entropy.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1751-8113/42/50/504008/pdf

Holographic Entanglement Entropy: An Overview

We consider Non-Standard neutrino Interactions (NSI), described by four-fermion operators of the form (αγνβ)(γf), where f is an electron or first generation quark We assume these operators are generated at dimension ≥ 8, so the related vertices involving charged leptons, obtained by an SU(2) transformation νδ→eδ, do not appear at tree level These related vertices necessarily arise at one loop, via W exchange We catalogue current constraints from sin 2θW measurements in neutrino scattering, from atmospheric neutrino observations, from LEP, and from bounds on the related charged lepton operators We estimate future bounds from comparing KamLAND and solar neutrino data, and from measuring sin 2θW at the near detector of a neutrino factory Operators constructed with νμ and νe should not confuse the determination of oscillation parameters at a νfactory, because the processes we consider are more sensitive than oscillations at the far detector For operators involving ντ, we estimate similar sensitivities at the near and far detector

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1126-6708/2003/03/011/pdf

Present and future bounds on non-standard neutrino interactions

We consider Non-Standard neutrino Interactions (NSI), described by four-fermion operators of the form $(\bar{\nu}_{\alpha} \gamma {\nu}_{\beta}) (\bar{f} \gamma f)$, where $f$ is an electron or first generation quark. We assume these operators are generated at dimension $\geq 8$, so the related vertices involving charged leptons, obtained by an SU(2) transformation $\nu_{\delta} \to e_{\delta}$, do not appear at tree level. These related vertices necessarily arise at one loop, via $W$ exchange. We catalogue current constraints from $\sin^2 \theta_W$ measurements in neutrino scattering, from atmospheric neutrino observations, from LEP, and from bounds on the related charged lepton operators. We estimate future bounds from comparing KamLAND and solar neutrino data, and from measuring $\sin^2 \theta_W$ at the near detector of a neutrino factory. Operators constructed with $\nu_\mu$ and $\nu_e$ should not confuse the determination of oscillation parameters at a $\nu$factory, because the processes we consider are more sensitive than oscillations at the far detector. For operators involving $\nu_\tau$, we estimate similar sensitivities at the near and far detector.

Present and Future Bounds on Non-Standard Neutrino Interactions

We propose a supersymmetric extension of the standard model which is a realistic alternative to the MSSM, and which has several advantages. No ``μ'' supersymmetric Higgs/Higgsino mass parameter is needed for sufficiently heavy charginos. An approximate U(1)R symmetry naturally guarantees that tan β is large, explaining the top/bottom quark mass hierarchy. This symmetry also suppresses supersymmetric contributions to anomalous magnetic moments, b→sγ, and proton decay, and these processes place no lower bounds on superpartner masses, even at large tan β. The soft supersymmetry breaking mass parameters can easily be obtained from either gauge or Planck scale mediation, without the usual μ problem. Unlike in the MSSM, there are significant upper bounds on the masses of superpartners, including an upper bound of 114 GeV on the mass of the lightest chargino. However the MSSM bound on the lightest Higgs mass does not apply.

The Minimal Supersymmetric Model without a μ term

We discuss whether the NuTeV anomaly can be explained, compatibly with all other data, by QCD efiects (maybe, if the strange sea is asymmetric, or there is a tiny violation of isospin), new physics in propagators or couplings of the vector bosons (not really), loops of supersymmetric particles (no), dimension six operators (yes, for one speciflc SU(2)L-invariant operator), leptoquarks (not in a minimal way), extra U(1) gauge bosons (maybe: an unmixed Z 0 coupled to Bi3L" also increases the muon gi2 by about 10 i9 and gives a 'burst' to cosmic rays above the GZK cutofi).

Old and new physics interpretations of the NuTeV anomaly

An SU(N{sub f})xSU(N{sub f}) Yang-Mills theory on an extra-dimensional interval is considered, with appropriate symmetry-breaking boundary conditions on the IR brane. UV-brane to UV-brane correlators at high energies are compared with the OPE of two-point functions of QCD quark currents. Condensates correspond to departure from the AdS metric of the (different) metrics felt by vector and axial combinations, away from the UV brane. Their effect on hadronic observables is studied: the extracted condensates agree with the signs and orders of magnitude expected from QCD.

Nuria Rius

Papers

Present and future bounds on non-standard neutrino interactions

Present and Future Bounds on Non-Standard Neutrino Interactions

The Minimal Supersymmetric Model without a μ term

Old and new physics interpretations of the NuTeV anomaly

Geometric approach to condensates in holographic QCD