Nurul Fitriya

Bio: Nurul Fitriya is an academic researcher from Indonesian Institute of Sciences. The author has contributed to research in topics: Zooplankton & Phytoplankton. The author has an hindex of 3, co-authored 11 publications receiving 22 citations.

PUBLIc AWAReneSS on hARMFUL ALGAL BLooM (hAB) IN LAMPUNG BAY

Abstract: Harmful algal blooms (HABs) cause various problems, such as water quality degradation, fauna mass mortality and impairment of human health. Water quality monitoring in Lampung Bay has been conducted by Lampung Marine Aquaculture Office (BBL) of the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries since 1994. Occurrence of Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum (Pbc), a causative organism of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), has been recorded but threats caused by HABs have never been reported. A study aimed to know the level of public knowledge and awareness about HABs in Lampung Bay has been conducted. The components of group respondents consisted of local governments, academics and coastal communities. Awareness from each component was examined including general HAB knowledge, HAB impact to the community, HAB occurence and local knowledge of HAB. Data of HAB knowledge were collected through questionnaire and focus group discussion. The result showed that 40.5% of respondents had knowledge of HABs phenomena and 51.3% respondents only know signs or indicators of HAB occurrence, while only 1.4% respondents had knowledge of local HAB occurences. The direct impact of HABs to the community was not commonly known by the respondents. Only a few cases of poisoning after eating seafood were reported. It can be concluded that there was lack of public knowledge and awareness on HABs in Lampung Bay. Intensive public awareness programs about HABs should be conducted in order to reduce risk towards HABs in Lampung Bay.

Pengaruh Konsentrasi Nutrien Terhadap Kelimpahan Fitoplankton di Perairan Halmahera-Maluku

Abstract: Ketersediaan nutrien di laut sangat penting untuk pertumbuhan dan akumulasi biomassa fitoplankton. Masukan nutrien yang menyebabkan perubahan rasionya akan mempengaruhi komposisi spesies komunitas fitoplankton beserta biota yang tingkat tropiknya lebih tinggi. Pengaruh nutrien terhadap kelimpahan fitoplankton sangat penting untuk dikaji karena fungsinya sebagai faktor pembatas bagi pertumbuhan fitoplankton. Selain itu, kedua variabel tersebut merupakan faktor penting dalam menenetukan produktivitas suatu perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis komposisi dan kelimpahan fitoplankton serta hubungannya dengan nutrien anorganik terlarut di Laut Halmahera-Maluku. Penelitian dilakukan pada Bulan November 2015 di 8 stasiun sampling Laut Halmahera-Maluku. Parameter kualitas air yang diukur yaitu pH menggunakan metode potensiometri, oksigen terlarut (DO) menggunakan metode titrimetri, serta nitrat, nitrit, amonium, fosfat, dan silikat yang diukur menggunakan metode kolorimetri. Fitoplankton diambil dengan menyaring air dari Rosette sampler dengan menggunakan hand plankton net ukuran mata jaring 20 µm. Komposisi dan kelimpahan fitoplankton ditentukan melalui pengamatan mikroskopis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa amonium secara signifikan berkorelasi positif dengan kelimpahan fitoplankton (r=0,9133 pada p < 0,01). Hubungan antara nutrien dengan fitoplankton menjelaskan bahwa setiap genus memiliki preferensi terhadap nutrien yang berbeda. Keberadaan amonium secara signifikan meningkatkan kelimpahan fitoplankton dari genus Chaetoceros, Nitzchia, Climacodium, Ceratium, Eucampia, Lauderia, Protoperidinium , dan Rhizosolenia . Lain hal nya dengan ammonium, fosfat dapat meningkatkan kelimpahan fitoplankton dari genus Coscinodiscus meskipun tidak secara signifikan. Selain itu, silikat dapat meningkatkan kelimpahan fitoplankton dari genus Thalassiothrix, Bacteriastrum, Skletonema , dan Hemiaulus sedangkan nitrat dapat meningkatkan kelimpahan fitoplankton dari genus Alexandrium

The Diversity of Plankton in Sangihe – Sangir Talaud Islands, Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract: The research of Oceanographical Expedition was conducted on May 2009. Research Vessel of Baruna Jaya VIII was used to accommodate the research team, which is a part of the EWIN ( Widya Nusantara Expedition) project with a topic of discovering the ultimate frontier of Indonesia and strengthening our national resilience, such as survival, energy, and natural resources, food, disaster, and health. This paper shows plankton research with environment studies, such as temperature and salinity. Plankton was sampled using Kitahara Net with mesh size of 80 µm for phytoplankton and Norpac Plankton Net with mesh size of 300 µm for zooplankton. The sample was poured into a bottle with formalin of 4% as preservative from 13 stations. The results showed that the phytoplanktons consist of 22 diatom genera and 10 dinoflagellates. The phytoplankton abundance was due the flourishing of Chaetoceros sp., Rhizosolenia sp., Nitzschia sp., and Thalassiothrix sp. Ceratium sp. and Protoperidinium sp., Pyrocystis sp., and Cyanobacteria Trichodesmium sp. were common among the dinoflagellates. The zooplanktons consist of 30 taxa, the group of which are mostly composed of Copepoda, Calanoida, Cyclopoida, Oikopleura , and Chaetognata . Environmental studies were also discussed.

Community structure of zooplankton in the Lembeh Strait, Bitung, and Wori Beach, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract: The community structure of zooplankton has been conducted in the Lembeh Strait in Bitung and Wori Beach in Manado, North Sulawesi in October 2015. Sampling of this research was conducted in 22 sampling sites along the strait. Zooplankton samples were collected from 22 stations, by NORPAC 300 μm net that was vertically hauled from maximum 10 m depth up to the surface water. The samples were poured into the bottle with formalin of 4% as preservative. The results showed that there were 43 taxa of zooplankton. The abundance of zooplankton was between 21.216–4 193.776 ind./m3. The dominant taxa were copepod, especially Calanoida. The composition of zooplankton was relatively similar in all stations. We showed the abundance, dominance, composition and distribution of zooplankton at this research. More extensive studies concerning zooplankton is required to understand zooplankton biodiversity as a whole especially on the geographical and spatial distribution to describe population and community dynamic in the Lembeh Strait and Wori Beach.

Microbial Biofilm of Plastic in Tropical Marine Environment and their Potential for Bioremediation of Plastic Waste

Abstract: Plastic debris has become a global problem due to its widespread distribution and accumulation in the marine environment. Indigenous bacteria in the marine environment are able to quickly contaminate plastic surface and assemble to form successional plastisphere-specific bacterial. The formation of microbial biofilms on the plastic surface can indirectly initiate the degradation of plastic polymers. The environmental conditions of the tropical region make the growth of microbial biofilms become faster. However, the study on the biodiversity of microorganisms in marine plastic debris is limited to the northern hemisphere, which includes subtropical and temperate regions. This review provides current studies of biodiversity and community structure of plastisphere in tropical environments, including bacteria and microalgae, and their potential to degrade the plastic polymer. A systematic literature search has been conducted using Scopus with different combinations of keywords. In addition, Google Scholar databases were also used to find more studies on some specific topics, including plastic degrading organisms. The climate-associated areas have been grouped according to the latitude of the study site into tropical, subtropical, and temperate latitudes. The microorganisms analyzed in this review are only bacteria, actinobacteria, and microalgae.

Resting Cyst Distribution and Molecular Identification of the Harmful Dinoflagellate Margalefidinium polykrikoides (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae) in Lampung Bay, Sumatra, Indonesia.

Abstract: Margalefidinium polykrikoides, an unarmored dinoflagellate, was suspected to be the causative agent of the harmful algal blooms - associated with massive fish mortalities - that have occurred continually in Lampung Bay, Indonesia, since the first bloom event in October 2012. In this study, after examination of the morphology of putative M. polykrikoides-like cysts sampled in bottom sediments, cyst bed distribution of this harmful species was explored in the inner bay. Sediment samples showed that resting cysts, including several morphotypes previously reported as M. polykrikoides, were most abundant on the northern coast of Lampung Bay, ranging from 20.6 to 645.6 cysts g-1 dry sediment. Molecular phylogeny inferred from LSU rDNA revealed that the so-called Mediterranean ribotype was detected in the sediment while M. polykrikoides motile cells, four-cell chain forming in bloom conditions, belonged to the American-Malaysian ribotype. Moreover, hyaline cysts, exclusively in the form of four-cell chains, were also recorded. Overall, these results unequivocally show that the species M. polykrikoides is abundantly present, in the form of vegetative cells, hyaline and resting cysts in an Indonesian area.

Variability of dinoflagellates and their associated toxins in relation with environmental drivers in Ambon Bay, eastern Indonesia.

Abstract: The aim of the present work was to unravel which environmental drivers govern the dynamics of toxic dinoflagellate abundance as well as their associated paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSTs) and pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2) in Ambon Bay, Eastern Indonesia. Weather, biological and physicochemical parameters were investigated weekly over a 7-month period. Both PSTs and PTX2 were detected at low levels, yet they persisted throughout the research. Meanwhile, DSTs were absent. A strong correlation was found between total particulate PST and Gymnodinium catenatum cell abundance, implying that this species was the main producer of this toxin. PTX2 was positively correlated with Dinophysis miles cell abundance. Vertical mixing, tidal elevation and irradiance attenuation were the main environmental factors that regulated both toxins and cell abundances, while nutrients showed only weak correlations. The present study indicates that dinoflagellate toxins form a potential environmental, economic and health risk in this Eastern Indonesian bay.

First record of the dynamics of domoic acid producing Pseudo-nitzschia spp. in Indonesian waters as a function of environmental variability

Abstract: Within the past few decades, harmful algal blooms (HABs) have occurred frequently in Indonesian waters, resulting in environmental degradation, economic loss and human health problems. So far, HAB related studies mainly addressed ecological traits and species distribution, yet toxin measurements were virtually absent for Indonesian waters. The aim of the present study was to explore variability of the potentially toxic marine diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia, as well as its neurotoxin domoic acid as a function of environmental conditions in Ambon Bay, eastern Indonesia. Weekly phytoplankton samples, oceanographic (CTD, nutrients) and meteorological (precipitation, wind) parameters were analyzed at 5 stations in the bay during the dry and wet seasons of 2018. Liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) was used to detect particulate DA (pDA). Vegetative cells of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and pDA were found in 98.6% and 51.4% of the samples, respectively. pDA levels were low, yet detected throughout the campaign, implying that Ambon Bay might potentially be subject to amnesic shellfish poisoning. The highest levels of both Pseudo-nitzschia spp. cell abundance and pDA were found in the wet season, showing a strong positive correlation between both parameters, compared to the dry season, (r = 0.87 and r = 0.66 (p < 0.01), respectively). Statistical analyses revealed that temperature and mixed layer depth positively correlated with Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and pDA during the dry season, while ammonium showed positive correlations in both seasons. This study represents the first successful investigation of the presence and variability of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and its neurotoxin DA in Indonesian waters.