O.O. Patarakin

Bio: O.O. Patarakin is an academic researcher from Kurchatov Institute. The author has contributed to research in topics: Pion & Neutron. The author has an hindex of 5, co-authored 5 publications receiving 49 citations.

Δ isobar in nuclei (review of experimental data)

Abstract: Experimental and elementary theoretical work relevant to the electromagnetic and hadron excitation of the Δ isobar in nuclei is reviewed. The historical development of the notion of non-nucleon degrees of freedom, from the quasinucleon and the pion to quarks and gluons, is described, and the role of Δ excitations is discussed. Gamma, electron, proton, pion, and ion beam methodologies and detector and target designs are discussed. Preliminary suggestions about γ, e, p, π excitation mechanisms are made. Problem areas that need more research are highlighted, and trends for the future and prospective experiments are discussed.

Exotic processes in nuclear physics

Abstract: This review is concerned with the modes of radioactivity and some other nuclear physics phenomena discovered comparatively a short time ago or long ago but simply less familiar that have something extraordinary about them either in terms of properties or in terms of observation (rare or even 'forbidden' occurrence, serendipitous discovery posing observational or interpretation challenges, requiring unique experimentation, or exotic in some other manner). The history of the discovery of such phenomena is presented, and their significance is discussed.

The neutron yesterday, today, and tomorrow

Abstract: The current status of the study of the fundamental properties of the neutron is discussed. Experimental results on the neutron lifetime, ?-decay angular correlations, electric dipole moment, and form factor are presented, and comparison with theory is made. Major experimental techniques are described. Exotic neutron features, such as the electric charge, baryon number nonconserving decays, etc., are discussed. The properties and applications of ultracold neutrons, and related problems, are discussed in detail. Some new ideas are suggested and research programs outlined.

New data on the pion pion interaction at low energies

Abstract: Current theoretical and experimental approaches to the pion–pion interaction are discussed and the results obtained are presented. Experiments on πN → ππN reactions as a source of information on ππ scattering are described as well as polarized target experiments and those on Ke4 decay and pionium. The concepts of effective field theory and the basic ideas of chiral perturbation theory are discussed. The problem of light scalar resonances is analyzed and the incorrectness of data analysis procedures is considered.

The pion-pion interaction (review of experimental data)

Abstract: Experimental methods for studying the ..pi pi.. interaction are reviewed. Problems involved in the phase-shift analysis of reactions of the type ..pi..N..--> pi pi..N, which are the primary source of information on ..pi pi.. scattering, are discussed. The experimental characteristics of the ..pi pi.. interaction are summarized.

Observation of Antiprotons

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What problems of physics and astrophysics seem now to be especially important and interesting (thirty years later, already on the verge of XXI century)?

Abstract: The rate of development of science nowadays is striking. Great changes in physics, astronomy, biology, and many other fields of science have come about within a period of not more than one to two generations. Readers may see it even in the example of their own families. My father, for instance, was born in 1863 and was a younger contemporary of Maxwell (1831–1879). I myself was already 16 when the neutron and positron were discovered in 1932. Before that only the electron, proton, and photon were known. It is somehow not easy to realize that the electron, X-rays, and radioactivity were discovered only about a hundred years ago, and quantum theory was born in 1900. At the same time, one hundred years is such a short period, not only compared with the approximately 3 billion years since life appeared on the Earth, but also compared with the age of modern man (Homo sapiens), which amounts to nearly 50 thousand years! It is also useful to remember that the first great physicists — Aristotle (384–322 B.C.) and Archimedes (about 287–212 B.C.) are separated from us by more than two thousand years.

Polarized neutron scattering in magnets

Abstract: General principles of polarized-neutron magnetic scattering are presented and their applications are considered. It is shown that this technique is especially useful if the system as a whole contains an axial vector interaction. The examples of the magnetic field, Dzyaloshinskii – Moriya interaction, and elastic torsion are considered. In all these cases, polarized neutron scattering provides information unavailable with other experimental methods. The theory is illustrated by pertinent experimental results, notably the confirmation of the Polyakov – Kadanoff – Wilson algebra for critical three-spin fluctuations in iron; the first determination of chiral critical exponents in the triangular-lattice antiferromagnets; and the determination of noncollinear magnetic structure for a number of complex antiferromagnets.

Transition radiation in media with random inhomogeneities

Abstract: This review analyzes radiation produced by randomly inhomogeneous media excited by fast particles — i.e., polarization bremsstrahlung for thermodynamically equilibrium inhomogeneities or transition radiation for nonthermal ones — taking into account all the effects important for natural sources. Magnetic field effects on both the motion of fast particles and the dispersion of background plasma are considered, and the multiple scattering of fast particles in the medium is examined. Various resonant effects occurring under the conditions of Cherenkov (or cyclotron) emission for a particular eigenmode are discussed. The transition radiation intensity and absorption (amplification) coefficients are calculated for ensembles of fast particles with realistic distributions over momentum and angles. The value of the developed theory of transition radiation is illustrated by applying it to astrophysical objects. Transition radiation is shown to contribute significantly to the radio emission of the Sun, planets (including Earth), and interplanetary and interstellar media. Possible further applications of transition radiation (particularly stimulated) are discussed.

Two-dimensional QCD in the Coulomb gauge

Abstract: In the present paper we discuss various aspects of the 't Hooft model for two-dimensional QCD in the limit of an infinite number of colors in the Coulomb gauge. The properties of mesonic excitations are addressed, with special attention paid to the pionic one. The twofold role of the pion is discussed: being a genuine q state it is also a Goldstone boson of two-dimensional QCD. In particular, it is demonstrated explicitly how the soft-pion theorems are satisfied. It is pointed out that the Coulomb-gauge choice seems to be indispensable in studies of hadronic observables with the pions involved.