Oliver Ambacher

Bio: Oliver Ambacher is an academic researcher from Fraunhofer Society. The author has contributed to research in topics: Amplifier & High-electron-mobility transistor. The author has an hindex of 64, co-authored 848 publications receiving 26256 citations. Previous affiliations of Oliver Ambacher include Osram & Siemens.

Tunable compound eye cameras

Abstract: We present design and realization concepts for thin compound eye cameras with enhanced optical functionality. The systems are based on facets with individually tunable focus lengths and viewing angles for scanning of the object space. The active lens elements are made of aluminum nitride (AlN)/nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) membranes. This material system allows slow thermally actuated elements with a large deformation range as well as fast piezoelectric elements with a smaller deformation range. Due to the extreme mechanical stability of these materials, we are able to realize microoptical components with optimum surface qualities as well as an excellent long-term stability. We use facets of microlenses with 1 mm in diameter and a tunable focusing power to compensate for the focus shift for different viewing angles during the scanning procedure. The beam deflection for scanning is realized either by laterally shifting spherical elements or by a tunable microprism with reduced aberrations. For both actuators we present a design, fabrication concept and first experimental results.

A millimeter-wave low-noise amplifier MMIC with integrated power detector and gain control functionality

Abstract: A compact E-band amplifier circuit has been developed for use in ultra-high capacity point-to-point communication links. The millimeter-wave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) consists of a two-stage low-noise amplifier (LNA), a 10 dB line coupler, an integrated detector diode and a single-stage variable gain amplifier (VGA). The multifunctional MMIC was realized by using a 50 nm InAlAs/InGaAs based metamorphic high electron mobility transistor (mHEMT) technology in combination with grounded coplanar waveguide topology (GCPW) and cascode transistors, thus leading to a very low noise figure in combination with high gain and large operational bandwidth at millimeter-wave frequencies. The fabricated LNA circuit achieved a maximum gain of 37 dB at 78 GHz and more than 34 dB in the frequency range from 69 to 98 GHz. Furthermore, a room temperature (T = 293 K) noise figure of 2.3 dB and a detector responsivity of 39.000 V/W have been obtained at the frequency of operation.

Multi-Stage Cascode in High-Voltage A1GaN/GaN-on-Si Technology

Abstract: This work investigates a new approach of a multistage cascode. The concept is applied as intrinsic structure in an A1GaN/GaN-on-Si technology. The fabricated device achieves an off-state voltage >600 V and an on-state resistance of 14 Ω mm. A special pull-down pin is connected to the source of the highest segments. This pin can be used for characterization and is intended to drive further stacked cascade segments. Thus, integrated multi-stage cascodes are found suitable as flexible device for high voltage applications.

A scalable compact small-signal mHEMT model accounting for distributed effects in sub-millimeter wave and terahertz applications

Abstract: In this paper we utilize a new approach for a small signal model which is scalable from very small to rather large transistors in a wide frequency range from 50 MHz up to 500 GHz. We show that with increasing frequency and decreasing transistor size we need to take into account termination effects at the open ends of the transistor electrodes. This new approach is based on a decomposition of the transistor into multiport sections. These sections are simulated individually by an electromagnetic field solver and then parameterized by compact networks. The model is verified by S-parameter measurements up to 450 GHz.

Large area InN terahertz emitters based on the lateral photo-Dember effect

Abstract: Large area terahertz emitters based on the lateral photo-Dember effect in InN (indium nitride) are presented. The formation of lateral photo-Dember currents is induced by laser-illumination through a microstructured metal cover processed onto the InN substrate, causing an asymmetry in the lateral photogenerated charge carrier distribution. Our design uses simple metal structures, which are produced by conventional two-dimensional micro-structuring techniques. Having favoring properties as a photo-Dember material InN is particularly well-suited as a substrate for our emitters. We demonstrate that the emission intensity of the emitters can be significantly influenced by the structure of the metal cover leaving room for improvement by optimizing the masking structures.

I and i

Abstract: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality. Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

Principles of Neural Science

Abstract: I have developed "tennis elbow" from lugging this book around the past four weeks, but it is worth the pain, the effort, and the aspirin. It is also worth the (relatively speaking) bargain price. Including appendixes, this book contains 894 pages of text. The entire panorama of the neural sciences is surveyed and examined, and it is comprehensive in its scope, from genomes to social behaviors. The editors explicitly state that the book is designed as "an introductory text for students of biology, behavior, and medicine," but it is hard to imagine any audience, interested in any fragment of neuroscience at any level of sophistication, that would not enjoy this book. The editors have done a masterful job of weaving together the biologic, the behavioral, and the clinical sciences into a single tapestry in which everyone from the molecular biologist to the practicing psychiatrist can find and appreciate his or

Phonons and related crystal properties from density-functional perturbation theory

Abstract: This article reviews the current status of lattice-dynamical calculations in crystals, using density-functional perturbation theory, with emphasis on the plane-wave pseudopotential method. Several specialized topics are treated, including the implementation for metals, the calculation of the response to macroscopic electric fields and their relevance to long-wavelength vibrations in polar materials, the response to strain deformations, and higher-order responses. The success of this methodology is demonstrated with a number of applications existing in the literature.

Band parameters for III–V compound semiconductors and their alloys

Abstract: We present a comprehensive, up-to-date compilation of band parameters for the technologically important III–V zinc blende and wurtzite compound semiconductors: GaAs, GaSb, GaP, GaN, AlAs, AlSb, AlP, AlN, InAs, InSb, InP, and InN, along with their ternary and quaternary alloys. Based on a review of the existing literature, complete and consistent parameter sets are given for all materials. Emphasizing the quantities required for band structure calculations, we tabulate the direct and indirect energy gaps, spin-orbit, and crystal-field splittings, alloy bowing parameters, effective masses for electrons, heavy, light, and split-off holes, Luttinger parameters, interband momentum matrix elements, and deformation potentials, including temperature and alloy-composition dependences where available. Heterostructure band offsets are also given, on an absolute scale that allows any material to be aligned relative to any other.

Conjugated polymer-based organic solar cells

Abstract: The need to develop inexpensive renewable energy sources stimulates scientific research for efficient, low-cost photovoltaic devices.1 The organic, polymer-based photovoltaic elements have introduced at least the potential of obtaining cheap and easy methods to produce energy from light.2 The possibility of chemically manipulating the material properties of polymers (plastics) combined with a variety of easy and cheap processing techniques has made polymer-based materials present in almost every aspect of modern society.3 Organic semiconductors have several advantages: (a) lowcost synthesis, and (b) easy manufacture of thin film devices by vacuum evaporation/sublimation or solution cast or printing technologies. Furthermore, organic semiconductor thin films may show high absorption coefficients4 exceeding 105 cm-1, which makes them good chromophores for optoelectronic applications. The electronic band gap of organic semiconductors can be engineered by chemical synthesis for simple color changing of light emitting diodes (LEDs).5 Charge carrier mobilities as high as 10 cm2/V‚s6 made them competitive with amorphous silicon.7 This review is organized as follows. In the first part, we will give a general introduction to the materials, production techniques, working principles, critical parameters, and stability of the organic solar cells. In the second part, we will focus on conjugated polymer/fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells, mainly on polyphenylenevinylene (PPV) derivatives/(1-(3-methoxycarbonyl) propyl-1-phenyl[6,6]C61) (PCBM) fullerene derivatives and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)/PCBM systems. In the third part, we will discuss the alternative approaches such as polymer/polymer solar cells and organic/inorganic hybrid solar cells. In the fourth part, we will suggest possible routes for further improvements and finish with some conclusions. The different papers mentioned in the text have been chosen for didactical purposes and cannot reflect the chronology of the research field nor have a claim of completeness. The further interested reader is referred to the vast amount of quality papers published in this field during the past decade.