Olivier Roueff

Bio: Olivier Roueff is an academic researcher from Centre national de la recherche scientifique. The author has contributed to research in topics: Social class & Petite bourgeoisie. The author has an hindex of 7, co-authored 19 publications receiving 125 citations.

L'ethnologie musicale selon André Schaeffner, entre musée et performance

Abstract: Andre Schaeffner a cree et dirige le departement d’ethnologie musicale du Musee d’ethnographie du Trocadero (1929), puis du Musee de l’homme (1937-1964). L’article interroge la genese des theses rassemblees et systematisees dans la somme programmatique qu’il publie en 1936, Origine des instruments de musique. Introduction ethnologique a l’histoire de la musique instrumentale. En restituant ses experiences de formation, notamment au pole savant de la nebuleuse intellectuelle catholique, et ses deplacements positionnels, du pole scholiste puis neoclassique du champ musical jusqu’a la reconversion a l’ethnographie durkheimienne, il s’agit de rendre compte du caractere improbable de son organologie : tournee contre le graphocentrisme « philologique » de l’histoire de la musique et definissant la musique comme performance, elle reste neanmoins tributaire du dispositif de savoir museal, centre sur la collecte et la classification d’objets. Elle vient ainsi paradoxalement refonder une philosophie essentialiste de la musique, durablement ancree dans la dissociation « scolastique » entre codes musicaux (approches par les transcriptions graphiques) et usages instrumentistes (renvoyant a l’inertie raciale ou culturelle des corps musiciens).

The Power of Market Intermediaries: From Information to Valuation Processes

Abstract: Sociology and economics tend to focus more and more on the intermediaries involved in economic and social relations, in the shape of distributors, matchmakers, consultants, and evaluators. Once they are distinguished according to their forms, their types of intervention and their effects, the intermediaries are a helpful category in order to study the social organization of markets as well as the changes that operate on them, especially regarding the social and economic values of goods, individuals and organizations. We discuss in the !rst section the link between intermediaries and information, through an analysis of the functions they ful!ll that may explain their emergence, as well as the opportunistic behavior of intermediaries in relation to information "ows. In the second section, we adopt a more pragmatist perspective on issues of valuation mainly based on ”economics of convention”, which emphasizes the collective dynamics of valuation. We show how intermediaries contribute to de!ne valuation through their different activities and foster valuation frames that can improve the coordination of actors, but also reorganize the markets in different ways. We suggest an analytical distinction between the distribution, the temporality and the generality of the frames, and raise the issue of the valuation power of market intermediaries, their legitimation and the eventual regulation of their activities.

Social space and cultural class divisions: the forms of capital and contemporary lifestyle differentiation.

Abstract: In this article, we address whether and how contemporary social classes are marked by distinct lifestyles. We assess the model of the social space, a novel approach to class analysis pioneered by Bourdieu's Distinction. Although pivotal in Bourdieu's work, this model is too often overlooked in later research, making its contemporary relevance difficult to assess. We redress this by using the social space as a framework through which to study the cultural manifestation of class divisions in lifestyle differences in contemporary Norwegian society. Through a Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) of unusually rich survey data, we reveal a structure strikingly similar to the model in Distinction, with a primary dimension of the volume of capital, and a secondary dimension of the composition of capital. While avoiding the substantialist fallacy of predefined notions of 'highbrow' and 'lowbrow' tastes, we explore how 168 lifestyle items map onto this social space. This reveals distinct classed lifestyles according to both dimensions of the social space. The lifestyles of the upper classes are distinctly demanding in terms of resources. Among those rich in economic capital, this manifests itself in a lifestyle which involves a quest for excitement, and which is bodily oriented and expensive. For their counterparts rich in cultural capital, a more ascetic and intellectually oriented lifestyle manifests itself, demanding of resources in the sense of requiring symbolic mastery, combining a taste for canonized, legitimate culture with more cosmopolitan and 'popular' items. In contrast to many studies' descriptions of the lower classes as 'disengaged' and 'inactive', we find evidence of distinct tastes on their part. Our analysis thus affirms the validity of Bourdieu's model of social class and the contention that classes tend to take the form of status groups. We challenge dominant positions in cultural stratification research, while questioning the aptness of the metaphor of the 'omnivore', as well as recent analyses of 'emerging cultural capital'.

Épreuves et ressources des enseignants en fin de carrière : Exemple des enseignants de collège en éducation prioritaire

Abstract: La these a pour objectif de comprendre la persistance d’enseignants en fin de carriere dans les colleges de l’education prioritaire. Les reformes initiees par l’action publique depuis le milieu des annees 1970, dont la massification et la creation des zones prioritaires, ont sensiblement modifie le metier d’enseignant. L’autonomie attribuee par l’institution aux acteurs locaux lors de la creation des ZEP a permis, au collectif de travail et aux enseignants des pratiques se detachant des formats institues. La plasticite a permis aux enseignants en fin de carriere de donner une forme specifique au metier et de prendre la forme du metier durant toute la carriere.Les entretiens semi-directifs (79 enseignants et 20 chefs d’etablissement) mettent en evidence les ressources mobilisees dans les configurations ou les epreuves sont nombreuses, que ce soit dans les pratiques ordinaires du travail ou dans les formes plus engagees consistant a se confronter aux epreuves. Certaines disciplines ont pu stabiliser les enseignants dans les etablissements en education prioritaire alors que d’autres ont favorise les departs d’enseignants. La separation de la population en deux groupes : les 55 ans et plus et les 54 ans et moins, a fait emerger un « seuil d’âge » qui organise les departs des colleges labellises REP. Le travail aupres d’eleves en difficulte scolaire, les contextes des banlieues, l’âge, les reformes eprouvent les enseignants et durer dans les contextes de l’education prioritaire devient de plus en plus difficile. La professionnalite integre d’une part des dimensions subjectives comme le don, la composante emotionnelle du metier, la reconnaissance, et d’autre part des approches rationnelles comme la creation dans le travail, les partenariats, les reseaux. Un assemblage qui a fait rester les enseignants les plus âges. Les nouvelles generations font de l’education prioritaire un passage oblige. Les fins de carriere interrogent la dimension politique et posent le paradoxe, au regard des seniors de plus en plus nombreux en France, de la disparition des enseignants quinquagenaires des colleges de l’education prioritaire. Il y aura toujours des enseignants dans les colleges classes en REP, REP+ mais les enseignants en fin de carriere de 55 ans et plus seront de moins en moins nombreux.

French Cultural Politics and Music: From the Dreyfus Affair to the First World War

Abstract: This book argues that French musical meanings and values in the years from 1898 to 1914 are best explained not in terms of contemporary artistic movements, but rather in terms of the political culture, which was undergoing subtle but profound transformation as nationalist leagues enlarged the arena of political action. Applying recent insights from French history, sociology, political anthropology, and literary theory, the book reveals how nationalists used critics, educational institutions, concert series and lectures to disseminate their values through a discourse on French music; and it demonstrates how the Republic and Left responded to this challenge through their own discourses on French musical values. Against this background Fulcher traces the impact of this politicized musical culture on composers such as d'Indy, Charpentier, Magnard, Debussy, and Satie.