Author
Olof Liberg
Bio: Olof Liberg is an academic researcher from Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. The author has contributed to research in topics: Population & Roe deer. The author has an hindex of 42, co-authored 69 publications receiving 6905 citations.
Topics: Population, Roe deer, Predation, Capreolus, Canis
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences1, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna2, KORA Organics3, University of Zagreb4, Spanish National Research Council5, The Nature Conservancy6, University of Porto7, University of Tirana8, University of Bern9, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague10, Indian Ministry of Environment and Forests11, Sapienza University of Rome12, Transilvania University of Brașov13, Forest Research Institute14, University of Ljubljana15, University of Sarajevo16, Friends of the Earth International17, Mendel University18, Environment Agency19, University of Göttingen20, University of Warsaw21, American Museum of Natural History22, Norwegian University of Life Sciences23, Hedmark University College24, Sofia University25
TL;DR: It is shown that roughly one-third of mainland Europe hosts at least one large carnivore species, with stable or increasing abundance in most cases in 21st-century records, and coexistence alongside humans has become possible, argue the authors.
Abstract: The conservation of large carnivores is a formidable challenge for biodiversity conservation. Using a data set on the past and current status of brown bears (Ursus arctos), Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), gray wolves (Canis lupus), and wolverines (Gulo gulo) in European countries, we show that roughly one-third of mainland Europe hosts at least one large carnivore species, with stable or increasing abundance in most cases in 21st-century records. The reasons for this overall conservation success include protective legislation, supportive public opinion, and a variety of practices making coexistence between large carnivores and people possible. The European situation reveals that large carnivores and people can share the same landscape.
1,290 citations
TL;DR: The results indicate that novel adaptations allowing the early ancestors of modern dogs to thrive on a diet rich in starch, relative to the carnivorous diet of wolves, constituted a crucial step in the early domestication of dogs.
Abstract: The domestication of dogs. was an important episode in the development of human civilization. The precise timing and location of this event is debated(1-5) and little is known about the genetic cha ...
781 citations
TL;DR: Simulation of population growth based on known reproductions and mortalities showed a close similarity to the results from population censuses up to the mid-1990s.
Abstract: In 1966 the gray wolf (Canis lupus) was regarded as functionally extinct in Norway and Sweden (the Scandinavian peninsula). In 1978 the first confirmed reproduction on the peninsula in 14 years was...
345 citations
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: The hypothesis that predation is the primary cause of non-cyclicity in the examined rodent populations is supported and important prerequisites for the important role of predation seem to be: a rich supply of alternative prey sustaining a high and constant predator density, availability of small rodents for most of the year.
Abstract: Predation rate on non-cyclic Microtus agrestis and Apodemus sylvaticus populations was calculated from data on numbers, food spectra, and food demands of the mammalian and avian predators present. Annual predation on rodents was of the same magnitude as the calculated annual production for each of the rodent populations. A marked decrease in rodent numbers from autumn to spring equalled the numbers eaten in the same period. A high predation rate at the beginning of the breeding season delayed and reduced the rodent populations' annual recovery. At peak density in autumn predation rate was density-dependent, caused by a marked switch in the predators' diet, especially in some facultative rodent predators. The data strongly support the hypothesis that predation is the primary cause of non-cyclicity in the examined rodent populations. Predation pattern found over the year in this study was similar to that described for various phases of cyclic microtine populations, but the predators' response to increased vole numbers in this study was mainly a functional one (switching) with a short time delay, whereas for cyclic populations the numerical response with a considerable time delay predominates. Important prerequisites for the important role of predation seem to be: 1) a rich supply of alternative prey sustaining a high and constant predator density (facultative rodent predators played a predominating role), 2) availability of small rodents for most of the year, 3) a heterogeneous environment influencing dispersal and availability of rodents.
310 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Predation rate on non-cyclic Microtus agrestis and Apodemus sylvaticus populations was calculated from data on numbers, food spectra, and food demands of the mammalian and avian predators present.
Abstract: Predation rate on non-cyclic Microtus agrestis and Apodemus sylvaticus populations was calculated from data on numbers, food spectra, and food demands of the mammalian and avian predators present. Annual predation on rodents was of the same magnitude as the calculated annual production for each of the rodent populations. A marked decrease in rodent numbers from autumn to spring equalled the numbers eaten in the same period. A high predation rate at the beginning of the breeding season delayed and reduced the rodent populations' annual recovery. At peak density in autumn predation rate was density-dependent, caused by a marked switch in the predators' diet, especially in some facultative rodent predators. The data strongly support the hypothesis that predation is the primary cause of non-cyclicity in the examined rodent populations. Predation pattern found over the year in this study was similar to that described for various phases of cyclic microtine populations, but the predators' response to increased vole numbers in this study was mainly a functional one (switching) with a short time delay, whereas for cyclic populations the numerical response with a considerable time delay predominates. Important prerequisites for the important role of predation seem to be: 1) a rich supply of alternative prey sustaining a high and constant predator density (facultative rodent predators played a predominating role), 2) availability of small rodents for most of the year, 3) a heterogeneous environment influencing dispersal and availability of rodents.
295 citations
Cited by
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31 Jan 1963
2,885 citations
AT&T1
TL;DR: This ebook is the first authorized digital version of Kernighan and Ritchie's 1988 classic, The C Programming Language (2nd Ed.), and is a "must-have" reference for every serious programmer's digital library.
Abstract: This ebook is the first authorized digital version of Kernighan and Ritchie's 1988 classic, The C Programming Language (2nd Ed.). One of the best-selling programming books published in the last fifty years, "K&R" has been called everything from the "bible" to "a landmark in computer science" and it has influenced generations of programmers. Available now for all leading ebook platforms, this concise and beautifully written text is a "must-have" reference for every serious programmers digital library.
As modestly described by the authors in the Preface to the First Edition, this "is not an introductory programming manual; it assumes some familiarity with basic programming concepts like variables, assignment statements, loops, and functions. Nonetheless, a novice programmer should be able to read along and pick up the language, although access to a more knowledgeable colleague will help."
2,120 citations
University of Göttingen1, University of Canterbury2, Agricultural Research Service3, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation4, University of Western Australia5, Carleton University6, Eötvös Loránd University7, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences8, Miami University9, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ10, Imperial College London11, University of Florida12, University of Würzburg13, Lüneburg University14, University of California, Berkeley15, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center16, James Cook University17, Australian National University18, National University of Singapore19, Wageningen University and Research Centre20
TL;DR: This review uses knowledge gained from human‐modified landscapes to suggest eight hypotheses, which it hopes will encourage more systematic research on the role of landscape composition and configuration in determining the structure of ecological communities, ecosystem functioning and services.
Abstract: Understanding how landscape characteristics affect biodiversity patterns and ecological processes at local and landscape scales is critical for mitigating effects of global environmental change. In this review, we use knowledge gained from human-modified landscapes to suggest eight hypotheses, which we hope will encourage more systematic research on
1,513 citations
20 Apr 1907
TL;DR: For instance, when a dog sees another dog at a distance, it is often clear that he perceives that it is a dog in the abstract; for when he gets nearer his whole manner suddenly changes, if the other dog be a friend as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: ION, GENERAL CONCEPTIONS, SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS, MENTAL INDIVIDUALITY. It would be very difficult for any one with even much more knowledge than I possess, to determine how far animals exhibit any traces of these high mental powers. This difficulty arises from the impossibility of judging what passes through the mind of an animal; and again, the fact that writers differ to a great extent in the meaning which they attribute to the above terms, causes a further difficulty. If one may judge from various articles which have been published lately, the greatest stress seems to be laid on the supposed entire absence in animals of the power of abstraction, or of forming general concepts. But when a dog sees another dog at a distance, it is often clear that he perceives that it is a dog in the abstract; for when he gets nearer his whole manner suddenly changes, if the other dog be a friend. A recent writer remarks, that in all such cases it is a pure assumption to assert that the mental act is not essentially of the same nature in the animal as in man. If either refers what he perceives with his senses to a mental concept, then so do both. (44. Mr. Hookham, in a letter to Prof. Max Muller, in the 'Birmingham News,' May, 1873.) When I say to my terrier, in an eager voice (and I have made the trial many times), "Hi, hi, where is it?" she at once takes it as a sign that something is to be hunted, and generally first looks quickly all around, and then rushes into the nearest thicket, to scent for any game, but finding nothing, she looks up into any neighbouring tree for a squirrel. Now do not these actions clearly shew that she had in her mind a general idea or concept that some animal is to be discovered and hunted? It may be freely admitted that no animal is self-conscious, if by this term it is implied, that he reflects on such points, as whence he comes or whither he will go, or what is life and death, and so forth. But how can we feel sure that an old dog with an excellent memory and some power of imagination, as shewn by his dreams, never reflects on his past pleasures or pains in the chase? And this would be a form of self-consciousness. On the other hand, as Buchner (45. 'Conferences sur la Theorie Darwinienne,' French translat. 1869, p. 132.) has remarked, how little can the hardworked wife of a degraded Australian savage, who uses very few abstract words, and cannot count above four, exert her self-consciousness, or reflect on the nature of her own existence. It is generally admitted, that the higher animals possess memory, attention, association, and even some imagination and reason. If these powers, which differ much in different animals, are capable of improvement, there seems no great improbability in more complex faculties, such as the higher forms of abstraction, and selfconsciousness, etc., having been evolved through the development and combination of the simpler ones. It has been urged against the views here maintained that it is impossible to say at what point in the ascending scale animals become capable of abstraction, etc.; but who can say at what age this occurs in our young children? We see at least that such powers
1,464 citations
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences1, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna2, KORA Organics3, University of Zagreb4, Spanish National Research Council5, The Nature Conservancy6, University of Porto7, University of Tirana8, University of Bern9, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague10, Indian Ministry of Environment and Forests11, Sapienza University of Rome12, Transilvania University of Brașov13, Forest Research Institute14, University of Ljubljana15, University of Sarajevo16, Friends of the Earth International17, Mendel University18, Environment Agency19, University of Göttingen20, University of Warsaw21, American Museum of Natural History22, Norwegian University of Life Sciences23, Hedmark University College24, Sofia University25
TL;DR: It is shown that roughly one-third of mainland Europe hosts at least one large carnivore species, with stable or increasing abundance in most cases in 21st-century records, and coexistence alongside humans has become possible, argue the authors.
Abstract: The conservation of large carnivores is a formidable challenge for biodiversity conservation. Using a data set on the past and current status of brown bears (Ursus arctos), Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), gray wolves (Canis lupus), and wolverines (Gulo gulo) in European countries, we show that roughly one-third of mainland Europe hosts at least one large carnivore species, with stable or increasing abundance in most cases in 21st-century records. The reasons for this overall conservation success include protective legislation, supportive public opinion, and a variety of practices making coexistence between large carnivores and people possible. The European situation reveals that large carnivores and people can share the same landscape.
1,290 citations