Bevacizumab plus Irinotecan,Fluorouracil,and Leucovorin for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

The Internet of Things (IoT) makes smart objects the ultimate building blocks in the development of cyber-physical smart pervasive frameworks. The IoT has a variety of application domains, including health care. The IoT revolution is redesigning modern health care with promising technological, economic, and social prospects. This paper surveys advances in IoT-based health care technologies and reviews the state-of-the-art network architectures/platforms, applications, and industrial trends in IoT-based health care solutions. In addition, this paper analyzes distinct IoT security and privacy features, including security requirements, threat models, and attack taxonomies from the health care perspective. Further, this paper proposes an intelligent collaborative security model to minimize security risk; discusses how different innovations such as big data, ambient intelligence, and wearables can be leveraged in a health care context; addresses various IoT and eHealth policies and regulations across the world to determine how they can facilitate economies and societies in terms of sustainable development; and provides some avenues for future research on IoT-based health care based on a set of open issues and challenges.

The Internet of Things for Health Care: A Comprehensive Survey

Background No therapies for targeting KRAS mutations in cancer have been approved. The KRAS p.G12C mutation occurs in 13% of non–small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) and in 1 to 3% of colorect...

https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa1917239

KRASG12C Inhibition with Sotorasib in Advanced Solid Tumors.

The extracellular matrix: Tools and insights for the "omics" era.

Molecular targets for cancer therapy in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

Relevance of miR-21 and miR-143 expression in tissue samples of colorectal carcinoma and its liver metastases.

The pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) is a complex process in which atherosclerosis and inflammation play a leading role. Cytokines are important mediators of both processes. The aim of our study was to determine whether plasma levels of cytokines which are most involved in AAA pathogenesis can be used as endogenous markers of AAA development, and thus to facilitate the decision on surgical intervention in cases when this is clinically unclear (e.g. small AAA). In the prospective study a total of 90 patients with AAA were examined. These patients were divided into the following groups according to symptoms and AAA diameter: symptomatic AAAs, including ruptures (n=16); asymptomatic AAAs (n=74); AAAs with a diameter of up to 5 cm (n=30), AAAs of 5-8 cm (n=38), and AAAs with a diameter over 8 cm (n=22).The average age of the patients was 70.7 (56-82) years. The male to female ratio was 4:1 (71:19). A control group consisted of 30 healthy individuals of similar age and sex presentation with no manifestation of atherosclerosis. Plasma levels of cytokines were assessed in venous blood by means of radio- or enzymo-immunoassay. Statistical processing of the results was conducted with ANOVA and Wilcoxon tests with Spearman correlation, where p<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Plasma concentrations of cytokines were significantly higher in AAA patients than in healthy individuals. In AAA patients the tumour necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and interleukin (IL-8) levels were low in large and in symptomatic AAAs. IL-6 levels were increased with increasing AAA diameter and symptoms. IL-8 levels (p<0.05) showed a statistically significant correlation with the diameter, and TNF-a (p<0.05) with the symptoms of AAA. IL-1β, IL-2 and IL-6 did not show any significant changes with different AAA diameter or symptomatology. In Conclusion: IL-8 and TNF-α can be used as endogenous markers of the process of AAA development, in deciding for either surgical or endovascular treatment of patients when the clinical indication is not entirely clear.

Cytokines as plasma markers of abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Thymidine kinase 1 (TK 1-fetal) is a cell cycle-dependent marker that increases dramatically during the S-phase of the cell cycle. In this review, the authors discuss serum levels of thymidine kinase in a variety of neoplasias. Determination of thymidine kinase helps to monitor the follow-up of solid tumours and haematological malignancies as well as indicating the efficacy of adjuvant and palliative chemotherapy. Elevated levels of thymidine kinase must always be interpreted together with a detailed knowledge of the patient's condition because nonspecific elevations of serum levels (inflammatory and autoimmune diseases) must be excluded.

The role of thymidine kinase in cancer diseases.

Cytosol levels of cytokines [interleukins 1b, 6, 8 (IL-1b, 6, 8), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] in aneurysm walls were evaluated in a prospective non-randomized study of 57 patients. The group w...

Inflammation in the wall of abdominal aortic aneurysm and its role in the symptomatology of aneurysm.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor in adults, exhibiting high mortality. Standard therapy (surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide) has only limited effectiveness. The progress in genomics regarding GBM, in the detection of new markers of oncogenesis‚ abnormalities in signalling pathways, tumor microenvironment, and pathological angiogenesis over the past decade are briefly discussed. The role of novel prognostic in this review biomarkers (isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 and 2, CpG island methylator phenotype, promoter methylation status of the MGMT (O-6- methylguanine-methyltransferase) gene) is also discussed. New targeted therapeutic approaches are classified into several functional subgroups, such as inhibitors of growth factors and their receptors, inhibitors of proteins of intracellular signaling pathways, epigenetic gene-expressing mechanisms, inhibitors of tumor angiogenesis, tumor imunotherapy and vaccines. Finally novel possibilities for GBM treatment are summarized in this review. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and most malignant primary brain tumor in adults, with an incidence of 3-4/100,000/year (1). GBM is extremely invasive and difficult to treat surgically, characterized by intense and aberrant vascularization and high resistance to radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy. The current standard of care for patients with newly diagnosed GBM is neurosurgery, followed by fractionated external beam RT and chemotherapy with systemic temozolomide (2). The median survival of patients with GBM is 12.1-14.6 months (3) and only 3-5% of patients survive longer than 3 years (4). The progress in genomics of GBM over the past 10 years, has revealed several abnormalities in signaling pathways and a diversity of mutated genes. The importance of the microenvironment in GBM, especially of tumor angiogenesis and the role of tumor biomarkers have also been studied. The use of this new knowledge regarding the diversity of GBM on molecular and genetic levels could lead to individual patient tumor analysis and treatment management. This review focuses on novel therapeutic approaches to GBM, facilitated by these findings.

Ondrej Topolcan

Papers

Relevance of miR-21 and miR-143 expression in tissue samples of colorectal carcinoma and its liver metastases.

Cytokines as plasma markers of abdominal aortic aneurysm.

The role of thymidine kinase in cancer diseases.

Inflammation in the wall of abdominal aortic aneurysm and its role in the symptomatology of aneurysm.

New Molecularly Targeted Therapies for Glioblastoma Multiforme