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Author

Otto Redlich

Bio: Otto Redlich is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Thermodynamic process & Thermodynamic equations. The author has an hindex of 3, co-authored 3 publications receiving 5118 citations.


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TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the data for the condensed phases of 78 elements as currently used by SGTE (Scientific Group Thermodata Europe) as a sound basis for the critical assessment of thermodynamic data, thereby, perhaps, limiting unnecessary duplication of effort.
Abstract: Thermodynamic data for the condensed phases of 78 elements as currently used by SGTE (Scientific Group Thermodata Europe) are tabulated. SGTE is a consortium of seven organisations in Western Europe engaged in the compilation of a comprehensive, self consistent and authoritative thermochemical database for inorganic and metallurgical systems. The data are being published here in the hope that they will become widely adopted within the international community as a sound basis for the critical assessment of thermodynamic data, thereby, perhaps, limiting unnecessary duplication of effort. The data for each phase of each element considered aie presented as expressions showing, as a function of temperature, the variation of (a) G-HSER, the Gibbs energy relative to the enthalpy of the “Standard Element Reference” ie the reference phase for the element at 298.15 K and (b) the difference in Gibbs energy between each phase and this reference phase (ie lattice stability). The variation of the heat capacity of the various phases and the Gibbs energy difference between phases are also shown graphically. For certain elements the thermodynamic data have been assessed as a function of pressure as well as temperature. Where appropriate a temperature— pressure phase diagram is also shown. Throughout this paper the thermodynamic data are expressed in terms of J mol−1. The temperatures of transition between phases have been assessed to be consistent with the 1990 International Temperature Scale (ITS90).

4,116 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The compound energy formalism for solution phases with sublattices is very flexible and thermodynamic models for a large variety of phases have been constructed within this formalism as mentioned in this paper.

731 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, three experimental high manganese twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) steels were produced based on thermodynamic stacking fault energy (SFE) calculations, following the thermodynamic modeling approach originally proposed by Olson and Cohen (Metall Trans 7A (1976) 1897).

596 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the reactions between SnPb and one of the four metals, Cu, Ni, Au, and Pd have been reviewed on the basis of the available data of morphology, thermodynamics, and kinetics.
Abstract: Solder reactions between SnPb and one of the four metals, Cu, Ni, Au, and Pd have been reviewed on the basis of the available data of morphology, thermodynamics, and kinetics. The reactions on both bulk and thin film forms of these metals have been considered and compared. Also the two kinds of reactions, above and below the melting point of the solder, have been considered and compared. The rate of intermetallic compound formation in wetting reactions between the molten solder and the metals is three to four orders of magnitude faster than those between the solid state solder and the metals. The rate is controlled by the morphology of intermetallic compound formation. In the wetting reaction between molten SnPb and Cu or Ni, the intermetallic compound formation has a scallop-type morphology, but in solid state aging, it has a layer-type morphology. There are channels between the scallops, which allow rapid diffusion and rapid rate of compound formation. In the layer-type morphology, the compound layer itself becomes a diffusion barrier to slow down the reaction. Similar morphological changes occur between SnPb and Au or Pd. The stability of scallop-type morphology in wetting reaction and layer-type morphology in solid state aging have been explained by minimization of surface and interfacial energies. The unusually high rate of scallop-type intermetallic compound formation has been explained by the gain of rate of free energy change rather than free energy change. Also included in the review is the use of a stack of thin films as under-bump-metallization, such as Cr/Cu/Au, Al/Ni(V)/Cu, and Cu/Ni alloyed thin films.

560 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a thermodynamic method for the computation of phase equilibria and physical properties of multiphase assemblages is presented, and a global inversion strategy for determining the values of the free parameters in their theory and compare inverted parameter values with expectations based on scaling arguments.
Abstract: P>We complete the development and description of a thermodynamic method for the computation of phase equilibria and physical properties of multiphase mantle assemblages. Our previous paper focused on the computation of physical properties. In this paper, our focus shifts to the phase equilibria. We further develop our theory to specify the ideal and excess contributions to solution properties and derive properties of multiphase assemblages. We discuss our global inversion strategy for determining the values of the free parameters in our theory and compare inverted parameter values with expectations based on scaling arguments. Comparisons between our method and experimental phase equilibria data encompass the pressure-temperature regime of Earth's mantle. Finally, we present applications of our method that illustrate how it may be used to explore the origins of mantle structure and mantle dynamics. Continuing rapid advances in experimental and theoretical petrology and mineral physics have motivated an expansion of the scope of our model via the addition of several new phases, and of the soda component: an appendix lists all parameters in our model and references to the experimental and theoretical studies that constrain them. Our algorithm for global minimization of the Gibbs free energy is embodied in a code called HeFESTo, and is detailed in a second appendix.

533 citations