P. Bernard

Bio: P. Bernard is an academic researcher from European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The author has contributed to research in topics: Beamline & Polarization (waves). The author has an hindex of 10, co-authored 13 publications receiving 535 citations.

Efficient sub 100 nm focusing of hard x rays

Abstract: An x-ray beam with energy of 20.5keV has been efficiently focused down to a spot size as small as 90nm×90nm by a Kirkpatrick–Baez reflecting mirrors device. The first mirror, coated with a graded multilayer, plays both the role of vertical focusing device and monochromator, resulting in a very high flux (2×1011photons∕s) and medium monochromaticity (ΔE∕E∼10−2). Evaluation of the error contributions shows that the vertical focus is presently limited by the mirror figure errors, while the horizontal focus is limited by the horizontal extension of the x-ray source. With a gain in excess of a few million, this device opens up new possibilities in trace element nanoanalysis and fast projection microscopy.

Status and evolution of the ESRF beamline ID19

Abstract: The ESRF synchrotron beamline ID19, dedicated to full‐field parallel‐beam imaging techniques such as phase‐contrast and absorption microtomography and X‐ray topography, is one of the most versatile instruments of its kind. This paper presents key characteristics of ID19 in its present form, names examples for research and development performed on the beamline, and outlines the plans for an upgrade on the beamline in coming years, to adapt to the growing needs of the user community. The technical goals envisioned include an increase in available beam size and maximum photon energy, and a substantial increase in flux density for applications using beams of small and intermediate size.

ID20: a beamline for magnetic and resonant X-ray scattering investigations under extreme conditions.

Abstract: A new experimental station at ESRF beamline ID20 is presented which allows magnetic and resonant X-ray scattering experiments in the energy range 3–25 keV to be performed under extreme conditions. High magnetic field up to 10 T, high pressure up to 30 kbar combined with low temperatures down to 1.5 K are available and experiments can be performed at the M-edges of actinide elements, L-edges of lanthanides and K-edges of transition metals.

Recent developments in x-ray Talbot interferometry at ESRF-ID19

Abstract: In this paper we describe the design of different X-ray Talbot interferometers that have been built at the tomography beamline ID19 of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in Grenoble, France, and give a short review of performance characteristics, of current developments, and of the results obtained with these instruments so far. Among the applications so far, soft-tissue imaging has been a particular focus, as demonstrated in a recent paper by Schulz et al. (J. Roy. Soc. Interface , in press).

Recent developments in x-ray Talbot interferometry at ESRF-ID19

Abstract: In this paper we describe the design of different X-ray Talbot interferometers that have been built at the tomography beamline ID19 of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in Grenoble, France, and give a short review of performance characteristics, of current developments, and of the results obtained with these instruments so far. Among the applications so far, soft-tissue imaging has been a particular focus, as demonstrated in a recent paper by Schulz et al. (J. Roy. Soc. Interface, in press).

Breaking the 10 nm barrier in hard-X-ray focusing

Abstract: X-ray sources such as free-electron lasers offer the potential to study matter at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. But that potential is limited by the poor quality of conventional X-ray optical elements. An in situ technique that corrects for wavefront aberrations and allows X-rays to be focused to a spot just 7 nm wide could provide a solution.

Nanometer linear focusing of hard x rays by a multilayer Laue lens.

Abstract: We report on a type of linear zone plate for nanometer-scale focusing of hard x rays, a multilayer Laue lens (MLL), produced by sectioning a multilayer and illuminating it in Laue diffraction geometry. Because of its large optical depth, a MLL spans the diffraction regimes applicable to a thin Fresnel zone plate and a crystal. Coupled wave theory calculations indicate that focusing to 5 nm or smaller with high efficiency should be possible. Partial MLL structures with outermost zone widths as small as 10 nm have been fabricated and tested with 19.5 keV synchrotron radiation. Focal sizes as small as 30 nm with efficiencies up to 44% are measured.