P. R. S. Gomes

Bio: P. R. S. Gomes is an academic researcher from Federal Fluminense University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Elastic scattering & Coulomb barrier. The author has an hindex of 37, co-authored 204 publications receiving 5712 citations.

The DELPHI detector at LEP.

Abstract: DELPHI is a 4π detector with emphasis on particle identification, three-dimensional information, high granularity and precise vertex determination. The design criteria, the construction of the detector and the performance during the first year of operation at the large electron positron collider (LEP) at CERN are described.

Effect of breakup on the fusion of Li 6 , Li 7 , and Be 9 with heavy nuclei

Abstract: Comprehensive high precision complete and incomplete fusion cross sections have been measured for the $^{6}\mathrm{Li}+^{209}\mathrm{Bi}$, $^{7}\mathrm{Li}+^{209}\mathrm{Bi}$, and $^{9}\mathrm{Be}+^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ reactions, at energies near and below the Coulomb barrier. The experimental details and the analyses procedures for the characteristic $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-decay and fission measurements are described. Three different methods are used to conclusively show the large suppression of complete fusion at energies around and above the average barrier, which is associated with the projectile nuclei having a low energy threshold against breakup. First, theoretical predictions of fusion cross sections above the average barrier are compared with the data, and second the area under the measured barrier distribution is compared with expectations. The sensitivity of the suppression factors to variables which can affect the calculated cross sections is thoroughly investigated. The third method, essentially model independent, compares the complete fusion cross sections for the $^{7}\mathrm{Li}+^{209}\mathrm{Bi}$ and $^{9}\mathrm{Be}+^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ reactions with those for the fusion of nuclei with a high threshold against breakup, which produce the same compound nucleus. All methods give consistent results, showing that the complete fusion cross sections at energies around and above the barrier are suppressed by $\ensuremath{\sim}30%$ compared with reactions of nuclei having a high energy threshold against breakup. The cross sections for incomplete fusion are found to be similar to the missing complete fusion cross sections. The experimental controversies regarding the effect of breakup on fusion is discussed, and the importance of unambiguously separating complete fusion from incomplete fusion is emphasized. This distinction is also important to achieve theoretically for realistic modelling of fusion of nuclei which break up readily.

The CMS experiment at the CERN LHC

Abstract: The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector is described. The detector operates at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. It was conceived to study proton-proton (and lead-lead) collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 14 TeV (5.5 TeV nucleon-nucleon) and at luminosities up to 10(34)cm(-2)s(-1) (10(27)cm(-2)s(-1)). At the core of the CMS detector sits a high-magnetic-field and large-bore superconducting solenoid surrounding an all-silicon pixel and strip tracker, a lead-tungstate scintillating-crystals electromagnetic calorimeter, and a brass-scintillator sampling hadron calorimeter. The iron yoke of the flux-return is instrumented with four stations of muon detectors covering most of the 4 pi solid angle. Forward sampling calorimeters extend the pseudo-rapidity coverage to high values (vertical bar eta vertical bar <= 5) assuring very good hermeticity. The overall dimensions of the CMS detector are a length of 21.6 m, a diameter of 14.6 m and a total weight of 12500 t.

Transition probability from the ground to the first-excited 2^+ state of even-even nuclides

Abstract: Adopted values for the reduced electric quadrupole transition probability, B(E2)↑, from the ground state to the first-excited 2+ state of even–even nuclides are given in Table I. Values of τ, the mean life of the 2+ state; E, the energy; and β, the quadrupole deformation parameter, are also listed there. The ratio of β to the value expected from the single-particle model is presented. The intrinsic quadrupole moment, Q0, is deduced from the B(E2)↑ value. The product E×B(E2)↑ is expressed as a percentage of the energy-weighted total and isoscalar E2 sum-rule strengths. Table II presents the data on which Table I is based, namely the experimental results for B(E2)↑ values with quoted uncertainties. Information is also given on the quantity measured and the method used. The literature has been covered to November 2000. The adopted B(E2)↑ values are compared in Table III with the values given by systematics and by various theoretical models. Predictions of unmeasured B(E2)↑ values are also given in Table III.