A new direct colorimetric procedure for uric acid assay in serum or urine is described, utilizing a 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzene sulfonic acid/4-aminophenazone chromogenic system in the presence of horseradish peroxidase and uricase from Aspergillus flavus. This chromogen system has a high absorptivity, affording useful results with sample/reagent volume ratios as low as 0.025. The procedure is applicable to serum, plasma, or diluted urine. A single working reagent is used; the reaction is complete in less than 15 min at room temperature. The red dye formed is measured at 520 nm; a blank sample measurement is not needed. The standard curve for the method is linear for uric acid concentrations up to 1500 mumol/L. Average analytical recovery of uric acid in human sera and urine exceeded 99%; within-run and between-run precision studies showed CV's of less than or equal to 1.2 and less than or equal to 2.2%, respectively. The new procedure correlated well with the uricase/catalase and uricase/ultraviolet methods. The method is suitable for automation.

Use of 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid/4-aminophenazone chromogenic system in direct enzymic assay of uric acid in serum and urine.

Antidiabetic effect of garlic (Allium sativum L.) in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Background: The control of hyperglycemia is of major importance in the treatment of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, there is no consensus about the required degree of metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and about the role of hyperglycemia in diabetic nephropathy and in the development of atherosclerosis in relation to other risk factors. Patients and Methods: A prospective, long-term follow-up study was conducted on 574 patients, aged 40 to 60 years, with recent onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients were initially normotensive and had normal renal function and a normal urinary albumin excretion rate (,30 mg/24 h). The patients were followed up for 2 to 9 years (mean ± SD, 7.8 ± 0.9 years). Levels of hemoglobin A1c and plasma lipids, mean blood pressure, and body mass index (calculated as the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) were determined periodically. Cigarette smoking and socioeconomic status were recorded. Renal status was evaluated by the logarithm of the final urinary albumin excretion rate and by the decline in reciprocal creatinine values. Definite clinical events including death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, congestive heart failure, and peripheral vascular disease were recorded. Results: At the end of the study the urinary albumin excretion rate remained normal (,30 mg/24 h) in 373 patients (65%), 111 (19%) had microalbuminuria (30-300 mg/24 h), and 90 (16%) had overt albuminuria (.300 mg/24 h). Logistic regression models demonstrated that the correlation between hemoglobin A1c levels and the risk of albuminuria is exponential. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that levels of total cholesterol, mean blood pressure, and hemoglobin A1c were the main factors associated with the decrease in renal function and with the increase in albuminuria. The combination of values higher than the 50th percentile of all 3 factors defined a high-risk patient population. These high-risk patients had an odds ratio of 43 (95% confidence interval, 25-106) for microalbuminuria and 15 (95% confidence interval, 9-25) for clinical events related to arteriosclerosis compared with the rest of the group. Low levels of high-density lipoprotein, body mass index, cigarette smoking, low socioeconomic status, and male sex were all significantly associated with diabetic nephropathy, as well as with the manifestations of arteriosclerosis. Conclusions: The combination of blood pressure values in the high-normal range with moderately elevated levels of total cholesterol and hemoglobin A1c defines a high-risk group for the progression to diabetic nephropathy and for clinical events related to arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158:998-1004

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/articlepdf/205097/ioi70451.pdf

Main Risk Factors for Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Are Plasma Cholesterol Levels, Mean Blood Pressure, and Hyperglycemia

A sensitive and versatile chromogenic assay for peroxidase and peroxidase-coupled reactions.

streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats

A method involving the use of 4-aminophenazone as a colour coupler with sulphonated 2,4-dichlorophenol is described for determining the hydrogen peroxide produced from glucose with glucose oxidase.The sensitivity of the method is such that 20 µg of glucose in a final volume of 4 ml give an optical density of 0·61 at 515 nm with 10-mm cells, corresponding to a molecular absorption of 22 000.

P. Trinder

Papers

An improved colour reagent for the determination of blood glucose by the oxidase system