Author
Pagbajabyn Nymadawa
Other affiliations: Mongolian Academy of Sciences
Bio: Pagbajabyn Nymadawa is an academic researcher from Academy of Medical Sciences, United Kingdom. The author has contributed to research in topics: Population & Pneumonia. The author has an hindex of 23, co-authored 50 publications receiving 4045 citations. Previous affiliations of Pagbajabyn Nymadawa include Mongolian Academy of Sciences.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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University of Edinburgh1, University of Glasgow2, Johns Hopkins University3, University of Colorado Boulder4, University of the Witwatersrand5, International Military Sports Council6, Aga Khan University7, Medical Research Council8, King George's Medical University9, Kenya Medical Research Institute10, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention11, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh12, Tribhuvan University13, University of Bergen14, University of Barcelona15, Utrecht University16, Emory University17, All India Institute of Medical Sciences18, University of Liverpool19, Boston Children's Hospital20, National Institute of Virology21, University of Zambia22, University of Health Sciences Antigua23, National Health Laboratory Service24, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention25, Austral University26, University of Michigan27, Vanderbilt University28, University of New South Wales29, University of Auckland30, University of Otago31, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala32, University of Jordan33, University of Maryland, Baltimore34, National Scientific and Technical Research Council35, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine36, Pwani University College37, University of Cape Town38, University of Warwick39, Academy of Medical Sciences, United Kingdom40, Tohoku University41, École normale supérieure de Lyon42, John E. Fogarty International Center43, Charité44, Universidad Nacional de Asunción45, Tehran University of Medical Sciences46, Robert Koch Institute47, University of London48, University of New Mexico49, Capital Medical University50, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium51, Innlandet Hospital Trust52, Columbia University53, Mahidol University54, University of Pretoria55, Thailand Ministry of Public Health56, Peking Union Medical College57, Nagasaki University58, Public Health Foundation of India59
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors estimated the incidence and hospital admission rate of RSV-associated acute lower respiratory infection (RSV-ALRI) in children younger than 5 years stratified by age and World Bank income regions.
1,470 citations
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TL;DR: Analysis of the population structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains from the People's Republic of China showed that the vast majority belong to a genetically closely related group, which is designated the "Beijing family" of M. tuberculosis strains, indicating that strains of the Beijing family recently expanded from a single ancestor which had a selective advantage.
Abstract: Analysis of the population structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains from the People's Republic of China showed that the vast majority belong to a genetically closely related group. These strains shared the majority of their IS6110 DNA-containing restriction fragments, and also, the DNA polymorphism associated with other repetitive DNA elements, like the polymorphic GC-rich sequence and the direct repeat, was very limited. Because the majority of these strains originated from the province of Beijing, we designated this grouping the "Beijing family" of M. tuberculosis strains. Strains of this family were also found to dominate in neighboring countries such as Mongolia, South Korea, and Thailand, whereas a low prevalence of such strains was observed in countries on other continents. These data indicate that strains of the Beijing family recently expanded from a single ancestor which had a selective advantage. It is speculated that long-term Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination may be one of the selective forces implicated in the successful spread of the Beijing genotype.
683 citations
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University of Nottingham1, King Saud Medical City2, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh3, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram4, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention5, Ljubljana University Medical Centre6, Kantonsspital St. Gallen7, Institut de veille sanitaire8, Children's Hospital at Westmead9, Mexican Social Security Institute10, Medical University of Vienna11, Capital Medical University12, University of Barcelona13, University of Colorado Denver14, State University of West Paraná15, Sheba Medical Center16, University of Manitoba17, Peking University18, National Institutes of Health19, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón20, Statens Serum Institut21, Imperial College London22, Boston Children's Hospital23, Peking Union Medical College Hospital24, Dhaka Medical College and Hospital25, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre26, Gold Coast Hospital27, Tehran University of Medical Sciences28, University of Oxford29, University of Zagreb30, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital31, Stellenbosch University32, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences33, Tan Tock Seng Hospital34, University of Helsinki35, China Medical University (PRC)36, King Hussein Cancer Center37, University of Toronto38, Alfaisal University39, Erciyes University40, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences41, Military Medical Academy42, University of Bergen43, Haukeland University Hospital44, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine45, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services46, University of Birmingham47, Rambam Health Care Campus48, Vanderbilt University49, Charité50, University of Bristol51, Yüzüncü Yıl University52, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation53, Rzeszów University54, University Hospital of Basel55, Medical University of Warsaw56, University of Alberta57, University of Alberta Hospital58, University of Hong Kong59, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases60, VU University Medical Center61
TL;DR: There was an increase in the mortality hazard rate with each day's delay in initiation of treatment up to day 5 as compared with treatment initiated within 2 days of symptom onset, and early treatment versus no treatment was also associated with a reduction in mortality risk.
527 citations
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University of Cambridge1, University of Bologna2, Estonian Biocentre3, University of Bristol4, Harvard University5, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology6, University of Tartu7, University of Montpellier8, University of Auckland9, Massey University10, Pennsylvania State University11, University of California, San Francisco12, Biodesign Institute13, Arizona State University14, University of Southampton15, University of Montana16, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus17, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute18, Kuban State Medical University19, University of Georgia20, University of Copenhagen21, Griffith University22, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan23, L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University24, University of Dhaka25, Georgia Institute of Technology26, University of Pennsylvania27, Russian Academy of Sciences28, Academy of Medical Sciences, United Kingdom29, Royal Free Hospital30, University of Kharkiv31, Centre national de la recherche scientifique32, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology33, North-Eastern Federal University34, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek35, Armenian National Academy of Sciences36, University of Winchester37, University Hospital Heidelberg38, Novosibirsk State University39, Bashkir State University40, International Burch University41, Russian Academy42, University College London43, James Cook University44, University of Papua New Guinea45, Max Planck Society46, University of California, Berkeley47, Estonian Academy of Sciences48
TL;DR: A genetic signature in present-day Papuans that suggests that at least 2% of their genome originates from an early and largely extinct expansion of anatomically modern humans (AMHs) out of Africa earlier than 75,000 years ago is found.
Abstract: High-coverage whole-genome sequence studies have so far focused on a limited number of geographically restricted populations, or been targeted at specific diseases, such as cancer. Nevertheless, the availability of high-resolution genomic data has led to the development of new methodologies for inferring population history and refuelled the debate on the mutation rate in humans. Here we present the Estonian Biocentre Human Genome Diversity Panel (EGDP), a dataset of 483 high-coverage human genomes from 148 populations worldwide, including 379 new genomes from 125 populations, which we group into diversity and selection sets. We analyse this dataset to refine estimates of continent-wide patterns of heterozygosity, long- and short-distance gene flow, archaic admixture, and changes in effective population size through time as well as for signals of positive or balancing selection. We find a genetic signature in present-day Papuans that suggests that at least 2% of their genome originates from an early and largely extinct expansion of anatomically modern humans (AMHs) out of Africa. Together with evidence from the western Asian fossil record, and admixture between AMHs and Neanderthals predating the main Eurasian expansion, our results contribute to the mounting evidence for the presence of AMHs out of Africa earlier than 75,000 years ago.
336 citations
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Estonian Biocentre1, University of Tartu2, University of Cambridge3, University of California, Berkeley4, Arizona State University5, Armenian National Academy of Sciences6, Russian Academy of Sciences7, University of Auckland8, Pennsylvania State University9, University of Winchester10, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute11, University of Copenhagen12, Kazan Federal University13, Bashkir State University14, University of Pennsylvania15, Georgia Institute of Technology16, Centre national de la recherche scientifique17, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology18, Massey University19, University of Dhaka20, Aarhus University21, Griffith University22, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek23, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan24, Kuban State Medical University25, Nazarbayev University26, L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University27, North-Eastern Federal University28, Academy of Medical Sciences, United Kingdom29, Anthony Nolan30, University College London31, University of St Andrews32, University of Kharkiv33, International Burch University34, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus35, Radboud University Nijmegen36, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology37, Stanford University38, University of Arizona39, Stony Brook University40, University Hospital of North Norway41, Estonian Academy of Sciences42
TL;DR: A study of 456 geographically diverse high-coverage Y chromosome sequences, including 299 newly reported samples, infer a second strong bottleneck in Y-chromosome lineages dating to the last 10 ky, and hypothesize that this bottleneck is caused by cultural changes affecting variance of reproductive success among males.
Abstract: It is commonly thought that human genetic diversity in non-African populations was shaped primarily by an out-of-Africa dispersal 50-100 thousand yr ago (kya). Here, we present a study of 456 geographically diverse high-coverage Y chromosome sequences, including 299 newly reported samples. Applying ancient DNA calibration, we date the Y-chromosomal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) in Africa at 254 (95% CI 192-307) kya and detect a cluster of major non-African founder haplogroups in a narrow time interval at 47-52 kya, consistent with a rapid initial colonization model of Eurasia and Oceania after the out-of-Africa bottleneck. In contrast to demographic reconstructions based on mtDNA, we infer a second strong bottleneck in Y-chromosome lineages dating to the last 10 ky. We hypothesize that this bottleneck is caused by cultural changes affecting variance of reproductive success among males.
325 citations
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TL;DR: In hospitalized adult patients with severe Covid-19, no benefit was observed with lopinavir–ritonavir treatment beyond standard care, and future trials in patients withsevere illness may help to confirm or exclude the possibility of a treatment benefit.
Abstract: Background No therapeutics have yet been proven effective for the treatment of severe illness caused by SARS-CoV-2. Methods We conducted a randomized, controlled, open-label trial involvin...
4,293 citations
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TL;DR: A novel method based on strain-dependent hybridization patterns of in vitro-amplified DNA with multiple spacer oligonucleotides was found to differentiate M. bovis from M. tuberculosis, a distinction which is often difficult to make by traditional methods.
Abstract: Widespread use of DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) to differentiate strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to monitor the transmission of tuberculosis has been hampered by the need to culture this slow-growing organism and by the level of technical sophistication needed for RFLP typing. We have developed a simple method which allows simultaneous detection and typing of M. tuberculosis in clinical specimens and reduces the time between suspicion of the disease and typing from 1 or several months to 1 or 3 days. The method is based on polymorphism of the chromosomal DR locus, which contains a variable number of short direct repeats interspersed with nonrepetitive spacers. The method is referred to as spacer oligotyping or "spoligotyping" because it is based on strain-dependent hybridization patterns of in vitro-amplified DNA with multiple spacer oligonucleotides. Most of the clinical isolates tested showed unique hybridization patterns, whereas outbreak strains shared the same spoligotype. The types obtained from direct examination of clinical samples were identical to those obtained by using DNA from cultured M. tuberculosis. This novel preliminary study shows that the novel method may be a useful tool for rapid disclosure of linked outbreak cases in a community, in hospitals, or in other institutions and for monitoring of transmission of multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis. Unexpectedly, spoligotyping was found to differentiate M. bovis from M. tuberculosis, a distinction which is often difficult to make by traditional methods.
2,845 citations
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TL;DR: Nextstrain consists of a database of viral genomes, a bioinformatics pipeline for phylodynamics analysis, and an interactive visualization platform that presents a real-time view into the evolution and spread of a range of viral pathogens of high public health importance.
Abstract: Summary Understanding the spread and evolution of pathogens is important for effective public health measures and surveillance. Nextstrain consists of a database of viral genomes, a bioinformatics pipeline for phylodynamics analysis, and an interactive visualization platform. Together these present a real-time view into the evolution and spread of a range of viral pathogens of high public health importance. The visualization integrates sequence data with other data types such as geographic information, serology, or host species. Nextstrain compiles our current understanding into a single accessible location, open to health professionals, epidemiologists, virologists and the public alike. Availability and implementation All code (predominantly JavaScript and Python) is freely available from github.com/nextstrain and the web-application is available at nextstrain.org.
2,305 citations
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2,135 citations
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TL;DR: Some of the key events in the peopling of the world in the light of the findings of work on ancient DNA are reviewed.
Abstract: Ancient DNA research is revealing a human history far more complex than that inferred from parsimonious models based on modern DNA. Here, we review some of the key events in the peopling of the world in the light of the findings of work on ancient DNA.
1,365 citations