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Author

Palaniappan Ramu

Other affiliations: University of Florida
Bio: Palaniappan Ramu is an academic researcher from Indian Institute of Technology Madras. The author has contributed to research in topics: Computer science & Steganography. The author has an hindex of 13, co-authored 41 publications receiving 847 citations. Previous affiliations of Palaniappan Ramu include University of Florida.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Modelling with Stakeholders is updated and builds on Voinov and Bousquet, 2010, and structured mechanisms to examine and account for human biases and beliefs in participatory modelling are suggested.
Abstract: This paper updates and builds on 'Modelling with Stakeholders' Voinov and Bousquet, 2010 which demonstrated the importance of, and demand for, stakeholder participation in resource and environmental modelling. This position paper returns to the concepts of that publication and reviews the progress made since 2010. A new development is the wide introduction and acceptance of social media and web applications, which dramatically changes the context and scale of stakeholder interactions and participation. Technology advances make it easier to incorporate information in interactive formats via visualization and games to augment participatory experiences. Citizens as stakeholders are increasingly demanding to be engaged in planning decisions that affect them and their communities, at scales from local to global. How people interact with and access models and data is rapidly evolving. In turn, this requires changes in how models are built, packaged, and disseminated: citizens are less in awe of experts and external authorities, and they are increasingly aware of their own capabilities to provide inputs to planning processes, including models. The continued acceleration of environmental degradation and natural resource depletion accompanies these societal changes, even as there is a growing acceptance of the need to transition to alternative, possibly very different, life styles. Substantive transitions cannot occur without significant changes in human behaviour and perceptions. The important and diverse roles that models can play in guiding human behaviour, and in disseminating and increasing societal knowledge, are a feature of stakeholder processes today. Display Omitted Participatory modelling has become mainstream in resource and environmental management.We review recent contributions to participatory environmental modelling to identify the tools, methods and processes applied.Global internet connectivity, social media and crowdsourcing create opportunities for participatory modelling.We suggest structured mechanisms to examine and account for human biases and beliefs in participatory modelling.Advanced visualization tools, gaming, and virtual environments improve communication with stakeholders.

404 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An approach that uses discrete wavelet transform to decompose signals and singular value decomposition (SVD) to embed the secret information into the decomposed ECG signal and the observations validate that HH is the ideal sub-band to hide data.
Abstract: ECG Steganography provides secured transmission of secret information such as patient personal information through ECG signals. This paper proposes an approach that uses discrete wavelet transform to decompose signals and singular value decomposition (SVD) to embed the secret information into the decomposed ECG signal. The novelty of the proposed method is to embed the watermark using SVD into the two dimensional (2D) ECG image. The embedding of secret information in a selected sub band of the decomposed ECG is achieved by replacing the singular values of the decomposed cover image by the singular values of the secret data. The performance assessment of the proposed approach allows understanding the suitable sub-band to hide secret data and the signal degradation that will affect diagnosability. Performance is measured using metrics like Kullback---Leibler divergence (KL), percentage residual difference (PRD), peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and bit error rate (BER). A dynamic location selection approach for embedding the singular values is also discussed. The proposed approach is demonstrated on a MIT-BIH database and the observations validate that HH is the ideal sub-band to hide data. It is also observed that the signal degradation (less than 0.6 %) is very less in the proposed approach even with the secret data being as large as the sub band size. So, it does not affect the diagnosability and is reliable to transmit patient information.

72 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The novelty of the proposed approach is to use CACO in ECG Steganography, to identify Multiple Scaling Factors (MSFs) that will provide a better tradeoff compared to uniform Single Scaling Factor (SSF) and the results validate that the tradeoff curve obtained through MSFs is better than the tradeoffs obtained for any SSF.
Abstract: ECG steganography is performed using DWT-SVD and quantization watermarking scheme.Imperceptibility-robustness tradeoff is investigated.Continuous Ant Colony Optimization provides optimized Multiple Scaling Factors.MSFs are superior to SSF in providing better imperceptibility-robustness tradeoff. ECG Steganography ensures protection of patient data when ECG signals embedded with patient data are transmitted over the internet. Steganography algorithms strive to recover the embedded patient data entirely and to minimize the deterioration in the cover signal caused by the embedding. This paper presents a Continuous Ant Colony Optimization (CACO) based ECG Steganography scheme using Discrete Wavelet Transform and Singular Value Decomposition. Quantization techniques allow embedding the patient data into the ECG signal. The scaling factor in the quantization techniques governs the tradeoff between imperceptibility and robustness. The novelty of the proposed approach is to use CACO in ECG Steganography, to identify Multiple Scaling Factors (MSFs) that will provide a better tradeoff compared to uniform Single Scaling Factor (SSF). The optimal MSFs significantly improve the performance of ECG steganography which is measured by metrics such as Peak Signal to Noise Ratio, Percentage Residual Difference, Kullback-Leibler distance and Bit Error Rate. Performance of the proposed approach is demonstrated on the MIT-BIH database and the results validate that the tradeoff curve obtained through MSFs is better than the tradeoff curve obtained for any SSF. The results also advocate appropriate SSFs for target imperceptibility or robustness.

66 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a convex hull approach is adopted to isolate the points corresponding to unwanted bifurcations in the design space, which is applied to a tube impacting a rigid wall representing a transient dynamic problem.

64 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An attempt has been made to use curvelet transforms which permit identifying the coefficients that store the crucial information about diagnosis in ECG steganography to validate that coefficients around zero are ideal for watermarking to minimize deterioration and there is no loss in the data retrieved.

56 citations


Cited by
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Book ChapterDOI
17 Jul 2002

1,123 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a brief survey on some of the most relevant developments in the field of optimization under uncertainty, including reliability-based optimization, robust design optimization and model updating.

487 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of Uncertainty-Based Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (UMDO) theory and the state of the art in UMDO methods for aerospace vehicles is presented.

426 citations