Author
Pamela M. Mace
Bio: Pamela M. Mace is an academic researcher from Wellington Management Company. The author has contributed to research in topics: Fisheries management & Overfishing. The author has an hindex of 9, co-authored 16 publications receiving 2238 citations.
Papers
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Dalhousie University1, University of Washington2, University of California, San Diego3, University of Rhode Island4, University of California, Santa Barbara5, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration6, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation7, University of East Anglia8, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science9, Wellington Management Company10, Wildlife Conservation Society11, Stanford University12, University of New Hampshire13, University of British Columbia14
TL;DR: Current trends in world fisheries are analyzed from a fisheries and conservation perspective, finding that 63% of assessed fish stocks worldwide still require rebuilding, and even lower exploitation rates are needed to reverse the collapse of vulnerable species.
Abstract: After a long history of overexploitation, increasing efforts to restore marine ecosystems and rebuild fisheries are under way. Here, we analyze current trends from a fisheries and conservation perspective. In 5 of 10 well-studied ecosystems, the average exploitation rate has recently declined and is now at or below the rate predicted to achieve maximum sustainable yield for seven systems. Yet 63% of assessed fish stocks worldwide still require rebuilding, and even lower exploitation rates are needed to reverse the collapse of vulnerable species. Combined fisheries and conservation objectives can be achieved by merging diverse management actions, including catch restrictions, gear modification, and closed areas, depending on local context. Impacts of international fleets and the lack of alternatives to fishing complicate prospects for rebuilding fisheries in many poorer regions, highlighting the need for a global perspective on rebuilding marine resources.
2,009 citations
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University of Washington1, University of Victoria2, University of California, Santa Barbara3, University of Cape Town4, Rutgers University5, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation6, Wildlife Conservation Society7, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology8, European Commission9, The Nature Conservancy10, Food and Agriculture Organization11
TL;DR: Estimates of the status of fish stocks from all available scientific assessments are compiled, and it is shown that, on average, fish stocks are increasing where they are assessed, and where fisheries management is less intense, stock status and trends are worse.
Abstract: Marine fish stocks are an important part of the world food system and are particularly important for many of the poorest people of the world. Most existing analyses suggest overfishing is increasing, and there is widespread concern that fish stocks are decreasing throughout most of the world. We assembled trends in abundance and harvest rate of stocks that are scientifically assessed, constituting half of the reported global marine fish catch. For these stocks, on average, abundance is increasing and is at proposed target levels. Compared with regions that are intensively managed, regions with less-developed fisheries management have, on average, 3-fold greater harvest rates and half the abundance as assessed stocks. Available evidence suggests that the regions without assessments of abundance have little fisheries management, and stocks are in poor shape. Increased application of area-appropriate fisheries science recommendations and management tools are still needed for sustaining fisheries in places where they are lacking.
346 citations
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TL;DR: Rindorf et al. as mentioned in this paper published an open access article accepted for publication in ICES Journal of Marine Science following peer review, which is an open-access article accepted by ICES Editors.
Abstract: Peer reviewed paper.
This is an open access article accepted for publication in ICES Journal of Marine Science following peer review. The version of record Rindorf, A., Dichmont, C. M., Levin, P. S., Mace, P., Pascoe, S., Prellezo, R., …Reid, D. G. … Clausen, L. W. (2017). Food for thought: pretty good multispecies yield. ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal Du Conseil, fsw071. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsw071 is available online at: https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/article/74/2/475/2907929 https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsw071
62 citations
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TL;DR: NewZealand implemented a comprehensive management system using individual transferable quotas in 1986 that has been instrumental in guiding the roles, responsibilities, and accountabilities of fisheries science, fisheries management, and the fishing industry ever since as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: NewZealand implemented a comprehensivemanagement systemusing individual transferable quotas in 1986 that has been instrumental in guiding the roles, responsibilities, and accountabilities of fisheries science, fisheries management, and the fishing industry ever since. However, at the time of the initial design, a number of issues were not adequately considered. These relate mainly to the dynamic nature of fish stocks, multispecies considerations, and environmental and other externalities. Subsequent efforts to address these issues have been challenging and many are not yet fully resolved. The outcomes for fisheries science, stock status, multispecies management, ecosystem effects, and fishing industry accountability have beenmixed, althoughmostly positive. Fisheries science, fisheries management, and thefishing industry have all becomemuchmoreprofessionalized and their activities havebeen increasingly streamlined.New initiatives to further improve the systemcontinue tobe researched and implemented.Overall, webelieve that thepositives considerablyoutweigh the negatives. The initial designhas proved tobe a systemthat canbebuilt upon. ComparingNewZealandwithmostof the restof theworld, key positive outcomes for preventing overfishing are the current lackof significant overcapacity inmost fisheries, the development of biological reference points and a harvest strategy standard, the favourable stock status for the majority of stocks with known status, and the development and implementation of comprehensive risk assessments and management plans to protect seabirds and marine mammals.
51 citations
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University of Washington1, Wellington Management Company2, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology3, University of Wisconsin-Madison4, Rutgers University5, University of Cape Town6, National Scientific and Technical Research Council7, Hobart Corporation8, National Marine Fisheries Service9, University of Victoria10, Wildlife Conservation Society11, Food and Agriculture Organization12, International Council for the Exploration of the Sea13, University of Plymouth14, Fisheries and Oceans Canada15
TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive evaluation of multiple, co-occurring management actions on the sustainability status of marine populations has been lacking, and the authors compiled detailed management histories for 288 assessed fisheries from around the world (accounting for 45% of those with formal stock assessments) and used hierarchical time-series analyses to estimate effects of different management interventions on trends in stock status.
Abstract: Which management actions work best to prevent or halt overfishing and to rebuild depleted populations? A comprehensive evaluation of multiple, co-occurring management actions on the sustainability status of marine populations has been lacking. Here we compiled detailed management histories for 288 assessed fisheries from around the world (accounting for 45% of those with formal stock assessments) and used hierarchical time-series analyses to estimate effects of different management interventions on trends in stock status. Rebuilding plans, applied less commonly than other management measures (implemented at some point historically for 43% of stocks), rapidly lowered fishing pressure towards target levels and emerged as the most important factor enabling overfished populations to recover. Additionally, the ratification of international fishing agreements, and harvest control rules specifying how catch limits should vary with population biomass, helped to reduce overfishing and rebuild biomass. Notably, we found that benefits of management actions are cumulative—as more are implemented, stock status improves and predicted long-term catches increase. Thus, a broad suite of management measures at local, national and international levels appears to be key to sustaining fish populations and food production. Wise management is critical to sustaining fisheries. This study finds that rebuilding plans, ratification of international agreements and harvest control rules yield strong benefits and that these are cumulative.
42 citations
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28 Jul 2005
TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
Abstract: 抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1(PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员,通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。
18,940 citations
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University of Lisbon1, University of Paris-Sud2, Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency3, United Nations Environment Programme4, University of Évora5, Spanish National Research Council6, National Autonomous University of Mexico7, Stockholm University8, University of East Anglia9, University of Maryland, College Park10, Hawaii Pacific University11, University of British Columbia12, Joint Global Change Research Institute13, Imperial College London14, The Nature Conservancy15, Virginia Tech College of Natural Resources and Environment16
TL;DR: Scenarios consistently indicate that biodiversity will continue to decline over the 21st century, however, the range of projected changes is much broader than most studies suggest, partly because there are major opportunities to intervene through better policies, but also because of large uncertainties in projections.
Abstract: Quantitative scenarios are coming of age as a tool for evaluating the impact of future socioeconomic development pathways on biodiversity and ecosystem services. We analyze global terrestrial, freshwater, and marine biodiversity scenarios using a range of measures including extinctions, changes in species abundance, habitat loss, and distribution shifts, as well as comparing model projections to observations. Scenarios consistently indicate that biodiversity will continue to decline over the 21st century. However, the range of projected changes is much broader than most studies suggest, partly because there are major opportunities to intervene through better policies, but also because of large uncertainties in projections.
1,725 citations
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Simon Fraser University1, Newbury College2, Virginia Institute of Marine Science3, Natural Environment Research Council4, Charles Darwin University5, National Marine Fisheries Service6, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research7, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources8, James Cook University9, Florida Museum of Natural History10, Old Dominion University11, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories12, Australian Institute of Marine Science13, Conservation International14, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation15
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the first systematic analysis of threat for a globally distributed lineage of 1,041 chondrichthyan fishes (sharks, rays, and chimaeras).
Abstract: The rapid expansion of human activities threatens ocean-wide biodiversity. Numerous marine animal populations have declined, yet it remains unclear whether these trends are symptomatic of a chronic accumulation of global marine extinction risk. We present the first systematic analysis of threat for a globally distributed lineage of 1,041 chondrichthyan fishes—sharks, rays, and chimaeras. We estimate that one-quarter are threatened according to IUCN Red List criteria due to overfishing (targeted and incidental). Large-bodied, shallow-water species are at greatest risk and five out of the seven most threatened families are rays. Overall chondrichthyan extinction risk is substantially higher than for most other vertebrates, and only one-third of species are considered safe. Population depletion has occurred throughout the world's ice-free waters, but is particularly prevalent in the Indo-Pacific Biodiversity Triangle and Mediterranean Sea. Improved management of fisheries and trade is urgently needed to avoid extinctions and promote population recovery.
1,467 citations
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Michael R. Hoffmann1, Craig Hilton-Taylor2, Ariadne Angulo2, Monika Böhm3 +170 more•Institutions (81)
TL;DR: Though the threat of extinction is increasing, overall declines would have been worse in the absence of conservation, and current conservation efforts remain insufficient to offset the main drivers of biodiversity loss in these groups.
Abstract: Using data for 25,780 species categorized on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, we present an assessment of the status of the world's vertebrates. One-fifth of species are classified as Threatened, and we show that this figure is increasing: On average, 52 species of mammals, birds, and amphibians move one category closer to extinction each year. However, this overall pattern conceals the impact of conservation successes, and we show that the rate of deterioration would have been at least one-fifth again as much in the absence of these. Nonetheless, current conservation efforts remain insufficient to offset the main drivers of biodiversity loss in these groups: agricultural expansion, logging, overexploitation, and invasive alien species.
1,333 citations
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TL;DR: Examining 130 co-managed fisheries in a wide range of countries with different degrees of development, ecosystems, fishing sectors and type of resources demonstrates the critical importance of prominent community leaders and robust social capital for successfully managing aquatic resources and securing the livelihoods of communities depending on them.
Abstract: general and multidisciplinary evaluations of co-management regimes and the conditions for social, economic and ecological success within such regimes are lacking. Here we examine 130 comanaged fisheries in a wide range of countries with different degrees of development, ecosystems, fishing sectors and type of resources. We identified strong leadership as the most important attribute contributing to success, followed by individual or community quotas, social cohesion and protected areas. Less important conditions included enforcement mechanisms, long-term management policies and life history of the resources. Fisheries were most successful when at least eight co-management attributes were present, showing a strong positive relationship between the number of these attributes and success, owing to redundancy in management regulations. Our results demonstrate the critical importance of
1,138 citations